Name: KEY Period: 4 & 6

Test 1: Introduction Review Sheet: This is NOT a comprehensive review sheet, this includes examples of questions & should allow you to determine which areas you need to focus on the most during your studying. Do as many as you can without your notes first.

Material Covered on Test:

1. Metric Conversions—you will not be given the conversion factors or centi,

milli, or kilo. You will be given any other conversion factors, such as nano,

micro, etc.

*Also be able to convert back and forth from standard and scientific

notation.

2. The Scale of Life—Review The Scale of Life webquest. Be able to put

general terms in order (as in part 5), and be able to answer general questions

about vocabulary such as gamete or eukaryotic cells. Look over the questions

at the end of the exercise.

3. The Nature of Science—Know the 7 tenets of the Nature of Science AND

be able to give and identify examples of each.

*Know the Difference between observation & inference

*Know the Difference between theories & laws

*Review the 4 articles

4. Scientific Method & Experimental Design—Know the basic steps of the

scientific method AND know and be able to identify the components of a

good controlled experimental set-up.

*Know the difference between quantitative and qualitative data

*Be able to interpret charts and graphs based on data

*Review the two practice worksheets done in class.

5. Know the 8 characteristics of life and be able to give and identify examples

of them.

Section 2: Scientific Notation & Metric conversions

1) 106 = (the one is inferredà 1x106.) 2) 1 x 10-4= 0.0001

1,000,000

3) 300mm = 0.3m (Divide by 1000) 4) 0.004 km = 4m (multiple by 1000)

5) 200cm= 2m (Divide by 100) 6) 5 L = 5000mL (multiply by 1000)

7) 103,000 Å = 0.00103 cm 8) 6.04 x 10-3 m = 6,040µm

Convert to m first by dividing by convert to standard first (0.00604m, then

10,000,000 (0.0000103m) multiply by 1,000,000

Then to cm by multiplying by 100

9) 1 x 108 nm = 0.1m 10) 110,000 pm = 0.00011mm

Convert to standard (100,000,000nm), Convert to meters by dividing by

Then divide by 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000,000 and then to millimeters

by multiplying by 1000. (Or, just divide by

1,000,000,000

Section 3: Concept of Scale: See your Powers of 10 sheet & your Scale Video Notes

1.  Put the following in order from smallest to largest

Atom, bacterium, multicellular organism, eukaryotic cell, molecule

1. Atom

2. Molecule

3. Organelle

4. Bacterium (a prokaryotic cell)

5. Eukaryotic cell

6. Multicellular organism

Section 4: The Nature of Science

1. What are the differences and similarities between a theory and a law?

Theories and laws are both supported by a large body of evidence, and are at the highest level of scientific understanding. Theories generally explain how a phenomenon occurs, while laws generally explain what is happening through a mathematical equation.

2. List the 7 tenets of the Nature of Science we discussed in class, and give an example or an explanation of each.

1. There is no one scientific method (Penicillin was discovered through

chance by Fleming).

2. Science is creative (Rutherford’s conclusion about the composition of

atoms from his gold foil experiment was creative).

3. Science is collaborative (Almost all scientists work closely with other

scientists).

4. Science is influenced by our perceptual framework (two scientists can

interpret data in different ways).

5. Scientific understanding and acceptance of scientific knowledge is

influenced by society and vice versa (Spontaneous generation was slow to be

overturned despite ample evidence).

6. Science is based on observation and inference (paleobiology is a field which

is based largely on inferences based on observations of fossils and other

evidence).

7. Science is subject to change (Pluto is no longer classified as a planet).

Section 5: Characteristics of Life: Write down all 8 characteristics of life with an example or description

1. Maintain homeostasisà maintain an internal constant temperature, water level, electrolyte balance, blood glucose level, etc.

2. Made up of cellsà cells are the basic unit of life, so every living thing contains at least one cell

3. Contains a universal genetic code, DNA or RNA

4. Adapts or responds to the environmentà individual organisms constantly adapt or change to respond to and survive in a changing environment

5. Changes over a long period of time or evolvesà evolution is genetically based and ONLY takes place in groups of organisms, or populations (not individuals)

6. Uses materials and energyà all living things require materials such as nutrients, materials for shelter, water, etc. and energy to carry out functions necessary for life. How organisms obtain these materials and energy varies.

7. Reproductionà Know the differences between and advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.

8. Growth and Developmentà Know the difference between growth and development

Section 5: Quantitative v. Qualitative Data—Which is which? Label the following.

1.  Students observe & describe the color & movement of a microorganism under the microscope.

qualitative

2. Students measure the length of a lizard from it’s snout to it’s vent (at the base of the tail.

Quantitative

3. List the basic steps of the scientific method.

1. Observe

2. Ask a question about your observations

3. Conduct background research

4. Write a hypothesis

5. Set-up and carry out experiment

6. Collect data

7. Analyze data

8. Draw a conclusion

9. Accept or reject hypothesis

4. Why could the scientific method be considered cyclical?

Scientists restructure their experiments and try again with new questions when they reject their hypotheses (and often when they accept their hypotheses as well because they find they come up with more questions).

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5. Complete the BIO2 SOL Review Packet. (Answers below)

Name ______Date

BIO SOL Review 2 - Experiments (23)

  1. (2006-49) Which of these would be measured to determine the density of the polar bear population in Canada?

a.  The number of bears per square kilometer

  1. The mass of the bears at the Arctic Circle
  2. The total number of bears minus the juvenile bears
  3. The total number of bears seen per day
  1. (2006-42) A scientist designed an experiment to test the effect of temperature on bacterial growth. He grew three different cultures of the bacterium E. coli under three heat lamps at different temperatures. What was the independent variable in this experiment?
  2. Length of the experiment
  3. Number of bacteria
  4. Reproduction rate

d.  Temperature

  1. (2006-22) Data about the climate in an ecosystem were collected for 30 years. Which hypothesis about a population of eagles could be made based on the climate data collected

a.  Eagle chick survival is directly related to annual rainfall amounts.

  1. An outbreak of disease in 1987 killed 82% of the eagle population.
  2. Eagles remain with the same mate throughout their lifetime.
  3. Mortality of eagles from pesticides after 1992 was less than 5%.
  1. (2006-8) In an experiment, the height of several plants was recorded daily in millimeters. Which tool would be the most accurate and appropriate for this measurement?
  2. Yardstick
  3. Graduated cylinder
  4. Digital scale

d.  Metric ruler

  1. (2006-19) The results of Pasteur’s experiment helped Pasteur to — (1 point)
  2. isolate the virus responsible for smallpox

b.  reject the theory of spontaneous generation

  1. convince people to cover food
  2. produce a vaccine against rabies
  1. (2006-17) A student’s experiment showed that earthworms move away from light. This statement should be classified as —
  2. an inference
  3. a prediction
  4. a hypothesis

d.  a conclusion

  1. (2001-14) Two plant species found in a dry region of the western United States exhibit vastly different abilities to survive. Species A has very slow stem growth and few leaves but is very abundant. Species B has rapid stem growth and many leaves but is very rare. Which hypothesis is most likely supported by this information?
  2. Flower size and color may give species B an advantage over species A.
  3. Reduced root growth may give species A an advantage over species B.
  4. Leaf shape may give species B an advantage over species A.

d.  Reduced stem growth may give species A an advantage over species B.

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  1. (2001-35) People long ago believed that maggots came from meat. In the late 1600s, Francesco Redi made the hypothesis that maggots came from flies rather than from meat. Which of these experimental designs could be used to test Redi’s hypothesis? (1 point)

A B C D

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  1. (2006-1) Which data point on the graph is probably invalid?
  1. 1

b.  2

  1. 3
  2. 4
  1. 9. (2002-46) Jan consistently read the volume of liquids as shown. How would this practice impact her work? (1 point)
  2. Her measurements would lack precision.

e.  Her measurements would be very accurate.

  1. Her measurements would be too high.
  2. Her measurements would be too low for less dense liquids.
  3. (2003-12) Scientists studied a flock of tundra swans that spent the winter along rivers in Virginia. The swans migrate in the spring to other locations. What would be the best way for scientists to distinguish between the birds they study in Virginia and flocks in the summer location?
  4. Capture birds in the expected summer location and dissect them to find clues that show the birds were in Virginia during the winter
  5. Take detailed photographs of winter flocks in Virginia and summer flocks in other locations and compare photographs
  6. Capture and put coded bands on the birds in Virginia, then record the bands seen on birds in the summer location
  7. Follow the Virginia flock by vehicle on a daily basis
  1. (2003-10) An experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of four different fertilizers on plant growth. Two grams of each fertilizer were to be diluted in 9 milliliters (mL) of water before adding to a plant. Which of the following measuring devices would introduce the least error into the measurement of the 9 mL of water?
  2. 20 mL graduated cylinder
  3. 100 mL graduated cylinder

c.  10 mL graduated cylinder

  1. 50 mL graduated cylinder
  1. (2005-8) A biology class of 24 students decides to measure the height of each student and then calculate the average height for the class. Which of these is a possible source of error in this activity?
  2. The number of males and females in the class
  3. The difference in the ages of the students in the class
  4. The total number of students in the class

d.  The accuracy of making and recording measurements

  1. (2002-40) A student wanted to study the effect of temperature on algae levels in a local stream. Which items are most useful for gathering data and most appropriate for communicating the results of her observations?
  2. pH strips and written observations of stream water

b.  Test tubes, thermometers, and graphs of results

  1. Research on the Internet and videotapes of water samples
  2. Microscopes and written descriptions of weather patterns
  1. (2003-8) The picture shows some containers of different foods that were left in the open for 2 days. Which question could best be answered by this experiment? (10 points)
  2. How does a fly digest different foods?
  3. How much energy do flies get from different foods?
  4. Which food attracts flies from the greatest distance?
  5. Which food attracts the most flies?
  1. (2003-41) A student wanted to look at plant growth in five different soil samples. He planted the same type of seeds in identical containers and left them together in full sunlight. He gave each plant the same amount of water and charted the growth of each plant stem. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
  2. Seeds

b.  Soil

  1. Light
  2. Container
  1. (2004-33) Orchids were studied to determine if the amount of humidity affected the flowering of these plants. Which of these was the independent variable in this study? (1 point)
  2. The amount watered

b.  The percentage of humidity

  1. The length of time required for flowering
  2. The number of flowers on each plant

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  1. (2004-50) Which variable appears to control leaf production in these plants? (1 point)
  2. The number of daylight hours
  3. The amount of water

c.  The temperature

  1. The relative humidity
  1. (2002-39) The most valid and reliable test of this hypothesis would include an experimental group of pine seeds that was recovered from a fire area and pine seeds that were — (1 point)

a.  found before a fire

  1. tolerant of fire
  2. germinated after a fire
  3. placed in a fire
  1. (2001-6) A biology class wanted to develop a research project to predict the effects of a new highway on wildflower species found in the Piedmont region of Virginia. The class could best conduct such a study by sampling flowers found in the highway construction area —
  2. during the time highway construction is taking place

b.  both before and after highway construction is completed

  1. immediately after highway construction is finished
  2. one year before highway construction begins
  1. (2002-32) The data show the growth of two bean plants over several weeks using four different fertilizers. The experimental data would be more valid if which of the following variables was included in the experiment? (1 point)
  2. Only one plant was tested.
  3. The plants were grown at variable temperatures.
  4. A fifth fertilizer was tested.

d.  A control without fertilizer was included for each plant.

  1. (2004-23) In the lab setup pictured above, a student is trying to determine the effect of pollutants on the growth of three groups of seeds. The results will not be valid because the experiment has no —
  2. variable
  3. hypothesis

c.  control

  1. conclusion
  1. (2001-45) Which sentence best states the importance of using control groups? (1 point)
  2. Control groups provide a method by which statistical variability can be reduced.

b.  Control groups allow comparison between subjects receiving a treatment and those receiving no treatment.

  1. Control groups eliminate the need for statistical tests and simplify calculations.
  2. Control groups eliminate the need for large sample sizes, reducing the number of measurements needed.

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