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Which conclusion can be drawn from the occurrence of the Red Scare and the decision of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States?

1.  Immigrants to the United States are consistently denied equal protection under the law.

2.  A person’s best protection from persecution rests with the Supreme Court.

3.  Civil rights are sometimes compromised by the public’s fear of radical political groups

4.  Violent protests in the United States are usually met with a violent response from the government.

Which factors were the major causes of the Red Scare and the Palmer Raids, which followed World War I?

1.  success of the Communist Party in congressional and Presidential elections

2.  race riots in Los Angeles and the revival of the Ku Klux Klan

3.  failure of the United States to join the League of Nations and the unpaid German war debts

4.  the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia and workers’ strikes in the United States

Based on a study of the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti (1920’s) and the internment of Japanese Americans (1940’s), which conclusion is most accurate?

1.  The Bill of Rights is not intended to apply to naturalized citizens

2.  Racial and ethnic hostilities are effectively checked by adherence to due process of law.

3.  Internment of suspected criminals is necessary during wartime.

4.  Nativism and racism sometimes override the ideals of constitutional democracy

After World War I, why did American farmers fail to share in the general economic growth of the United States?

1.  Many immigrants were settling in the west and competing with the farmers.

2.  The Federal Government reduced the number of acres on which farmers could grow subsidized crops.

3.  Farmers could not produce enough to keep up with demand.

4.  Overproduction and competition caused falling prices.

The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920’s was a period when African Americans

1.  left the United States in large numbers to settle in Nigeria

2.  created noteworthy works of art and literature

3.  migrated to the West in search of land and jobs

4.  used civil disobedience to fight segregation in the Armed Forces

The treaties signed at the Washington Conference (1921–1922) and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) were efforts to

  1. limit the spread of military dictatorships
  2. maintain peace through international agreements
  3. form new military alliances after World War I

4.  bring democratic government to eastern Europe

The 1920’s are sometimes called the "Roaring Twenties" because

  1. foreign trade prospered after World War I
  2. the United States assumed a leadership role in world affairs
  3. political reforms made government more democratic

4.  widespread social and economic change occurred

In the United States, the decade of the 1920’s was characterized by

  1. a willingness to encourage immigration to the United States
  2. increased consumer borrowing and spending
  3. the active involvement of the United States in European affairs

4.  major reforms in national labor legislation

In the 1920’s, the Immigration Act of 1924 and the Sacco-Vanzetti trial were typical of the

1.  rejection of traditional customs and beliefs

2.  acceptance of cultural differences

3.  increase in nativism and intolerance

4.  support of humanitarian causes

The economic boom and the financial speculation of the 1920’s were caused in part by

  1. installment buying and an unregulated stock market
  2. the expansion of civil rights to women and minorities
  3. the mobilization of the economy for war

4.  increased government restrictions on big business

After World War I, which factor was the major cause of the migration of many African Americans to the North?

1.  the start of the Harlem Renaissance

2.  increased job opportunities in Northern cities

3.  laws passed in Northern States to end racial discrimination

4.  Federal Government job-training programs

Which combination of factors contributed most to the start of the Great Depression of the 1930’s?

1.  immigration restrictions and a lack of skilled workers

2.  high taxes and overspending on social welfare programs

3.  United States war debts and the declining value of the dollar

4.  overproduction and the excessive use of credit

The 1925 trial of John Scopes reflects the conflict between

  1. science and religion
  2. isolation and international involvement
  3. traditional roles and new roles for women

4.  Prohibition and organized crime

“The business of America is business.” — President Calvin Coolidge. By making this statement, President Coolidge was expressing his support for

  1. higher taxes on corporations
  2. banking regulations
  3. democratic socialism

4.  the free-enterprise system

Which economic practice became significantly more widespread during the 1920s?

1.  governmental regulation of business

2.  stock market speculation

3.  dependence on government welfare programs

4.  reduction of tariff rates

An important factor contributing to the start of the Great Depression in the United States was the

  1. increase in military spending
  2. failure to maintain the gold standard
  3. reduction of tariff rates

4.  uneven distribution of wealth


In the 1930’s, the enactment of New Deal programs demonstrated a belief that

1.  corporations were best left to operate without government interference

2.  state governments should give up control over commerce inside their states

3.  the Federal Government must concern itself with the people’s economic well-being

4.  the United States Constitution was not relevant to 20th-century life

Critics charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plan to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices was clearly in conflict with

1.  the Supreme Court’s practice of judicial restraint

2.  the constitutional principle of checks and balances

3.  attempts of Congress to limit judicial responsibilities

  1. efforts to restrict the number of terms a President could serve

The main purpose of New Deal measures such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to

  1. provide immediate employment opportunities
  2. develop rules to limit speculation and safeguard savings
  3. enable the Federal Government to take over failing industries

4.  assure a guaranteed income for American families

"You cannot extend the mastery of government over the daily working life of the people without, at the same time, making it the master of the people’s souls and thought." -President Herbert Hoover the idea expressed in the quotation is a basis for President Hoover’s belief that the problems of the Great Depression could best be solved by

1.  nationalizing major industries

2.  requiring business to pay a minimum wage to workers

3.  relying mostly on private enterprise and individual initiative to improve economic conditions

4.  creating government job programs for the unemployed

The effectiveness of the New Deal in ending the Great Depression is difficult to measure because

1.  President Franklin D. Roosevelt died during his fourth term

2.  United States involvement in World War II rapidly accelerated economic growth

3.  the Supreme Court declared most New Deal laws unconstitutional

4.  later Presidents failed to support most New Deal reforms

Speaker A: "The business of America is business, and we would be wise to remember that."
Speaker B:"Government ownership of business is superior to private enterprise."
Speaker C:"Strict government regulation of business practices is a means to insure the public good."
Speaker D:"Only through personal effort can wealth and success be achieved."
Which speaker best expresses the main idea of rugged individualism?

1.  Speaker A

2.  Speaker B

3.  Speaker C

4.  Speaker D

An immediate result of the Supreme Court decision in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1936) was that

1.  some aspects of the New Deal were declared unconstitutional

2.  State governments took over relief agencies

3.  ) Congress was forced to abandon efforts to improve the economy

4.  the constitutional authority of the President was greatly expanded

A major criticism of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s programs to combat the Great Depression was that these programs

1.  reduced the power of the Federal Government

2.  ignored the plight of homeowners with mortgages

3.  provided too much protection for big business

4.  made people dependent on the Federal Government

In the 1930s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt changed the federal government’s role in the economy by

1.  reducing programs to help the unemployed

2.  ending efforts at trustbusting

3.  raising tariffs to protect domestic industries

4.  using deficit spending to stimulate economic growth

One difference between the administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that Roosevelt was

  1. unwilling to allow government agencies to establish jobs programs
  2. unable to win congressional support for his economic program
  3. able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term in office

4.  more willing to use government intervention to solve economic problems

President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response to Supreme Court decisions that declared several New Deal laws unconstitutional was to

1.  ask Congress to limit the Court’s jurisdiction

2.  propose legislation to increase the size of the Court

3.  demand the resignation of several justices

4.  ignore the Court’s rulings

During the Great Depression, expressions such as Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets showed that President Hoover

1.  was seen as a role model

2.  used the military to aid the unemployed

3.  was blamed for the suffering of the poor

4.  supported relief and public housing for the needy

Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 indicated that the United States desired to

1.  isolate itself from conflicts in Europe and Asia

2.  form alliances to stop the aggression of dictators

3.  expand trade outside the Western Hemisphere

4.  support the policies of the League of Nations

During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because

1.  a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace

2.  more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groups

3.  labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groups

4.  new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices

A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the

1.  arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids

2.  passage of an open immigration law

3.  internment of Japanese Americans

4.  forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservations

President Harry Truman’s decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was primarily based on his belief that

1.  an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties

2.  Germany would refuse to surrender in Europe

3.  an alliance was developing between Japan and the Soviet Union

4.  Japan was in the process of developing its own atomic weapons

The United States became involved in World War II primarily because

1.  Germany refused to pay its debts from World War I

2.  European democracies supported United States policies toward Germany and Japan

3.  President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not enforce the Neutrality Acts

4.  Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia

An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that

  1. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by World War I
  2. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact
  3. Japan declared war against the United States

4.  the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the

1.  impact a single event can have on public opinion a time of crisis

2.  effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping aggression

3.  success of the pacifist movement in the United States

4.  role of communism as a negative influence in global affairs

The rulings of the Supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and Korematsu v. United States (1944) all demonstrate that the Supreme Court has

1.  continued to extend voting rights to minorities

2.  protected itself from internal dissent

3.  sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities

4.  often imposed restrictions on free speech during wartime

The United States Supreme Court decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) concerned

  1. restricting freedom of the press
  2. the president’s right to use atomic weapons
  3. limiting civil liberties during wartime

4.  the right of women to serve in military combat

In 1944, Congress enacted the GI Bill of Rights in order to

1.  provide economic aid to veterans

2.  reduce military expenditures

3.  ban racial segregation in the armed forces

4.  create government jobs for returning soldiers

Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to

1.  work on the development of an atomic bomb

2.  increase economic production to meet wartime demands

3.  defend New York City against a nuclear attack

4.  recruit men for the military services

A main purpose of government-ordered rationing during World War II was to

1.  increase foreign trade

2.  limit the growth of industry

3.  conserve raw materials for the war effort

4.  encourage women to enter the workforce