Lesson 1 | Using the Periodic Table
Student Labs and Activities / Page / Appropriate For:Launch Lab / 8 / all students
Content Vocabulary / 9 / all students
Lesson Outline / 10 / all students
MiniLab / 12 / all students
Content Practice A / 13
Content Practice B / 14 /
Math Skills / 15 / all students
School to Home / 16 / all students
Key Concept Builders / 17
Enrichment / 21 / all students
Challenge / 22 /
Skill Practice / 23 / all students
Assessment
Lesson Quiz A / 24
Lesson Quiz B / 25 /
Approaching Level / On Level / Beyond Level / English-Language Learner
Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any student’s proficiency level.
The Periodic Table 7
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Launch Lab LESSON 1: 15 minutes
How can objects be organized?
What would it be like to shop at a grocery store where all the products are mixed up on the
shelves? Maybe cereal is next to the dish soap and bread is next to the canned tomatoes. It
would take a long time to find the groceries that you needed. How does organizing objects
help you to find and use what you need?
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Empty the interlocking plastic
bricks from the plastic bag onto
your desk and observe their properties.
Think about ways you might group
and sequence the bricks so they are
organized.
3. Organize the bricks according to your
plan.
4. Compare your pattern of organization
with those used by several other
students.
Data and Observations
Think About This
1. Describe the way you grouped your bricks. Why did you choose that way of grouping?
2. Describe how you sequenced the bricks.
3. Key Concept How does organizing things help you to use them more easily?
8 The Periodic Table
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Content Vocabulary LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Directions: In this word search puzzle, find and circle the four terms listed below. Then write each term on the
line before its definition.
1. a column on the periodic table
2. a row on the periodic table
3. elements on the left side and middle of the periodic table
4. a chart of the elements arranged according to their properties
The Periodic Table 9
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Lesson Outline LESSON 1
Using the P eriodic Table
A. What is the periodic table?
1. The is a chart of the elements arranged into rows and
columns according to their chemical and physical properties.
2. The table can be used to determine how all are related
to one another.
B. Developing a Periodic Table
1. In the mid-1800s, Russian chemist and teacher created
a table to help classify the elements by their properties.
a. He placed the elements in rows of increasing atomic .
b. The elements in the table showed repeating patterns;
is a word used to describe such patterns.
c. For example, Mendeleev noticed patterns in the of
elements, the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
2. After arranging the known elements in a periodic table, Mendeleev noticed
large gaps between some elements. He predicted that scientists would find
to fit into these spaces. Mendeleev’s predictions
were .
3. In the early 1900s, Henry Moseley found that the problem with Mendeleev’s table
could be solved if the elements were arranged in rows
by .
4. The atomic number is the number of in the nucleus of
an atom of an element.
C. Today’s Periodic Table
1. You can identify the properties of an element by studying its
on the periodic table.
2. The shows the element’s name, atomic number,
chemical symbol, state of matter, and atomic mass.
3. A(n) is a column on the periodic table.
4. Elements in the same group have similar , which means
they react with other elements in similar ways.
5. The rows in the periodic table are called .
6. As you read from left to right across the periodic table, atomic number
by one for each element.
7. Most of the elements in the periodic table are , which
are shiny and conduct thermal energy and electricity.
8. Most nonmetals are on the side of the periodic table;
these elements do not conduct thermal energy and electricity.
9. Between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table are the
, which have properties of metals and nonmetals.
D. How Scientists Use the Periodic Table
1. Scientists use the periodic table to predict the of the
new elements they create.
2. Elements that are each other on the periodic table
share similar properties.
The Periodic Table 11
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MiniLab LESSON 1: 20 minutes
How does atom size change across a period?
One pattern seen on the periodic table is in the radius of different atoms. The figure in your
textbook shows how atomic radius is measured.
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Using scissors and card stock
paper, cut seven 2-cm × 4-cm
rectangles. Using a marker, label each
rectangle with the atomic symbol of
each of the first seven elements in
period 2. Obtain the radius for each
atom from your teacher.
3. Using a ruler, cut plastic straws
to the same number of millimeters
as each atomic radius given in
picometers. For example, if the atomic
radius is 145 pm, cut a straw 145 mm
long.
4. Tape each of the labeled rectangles to
the top of its appropriate straw.
5. Insert the straws into modeling clay
according to increasing atomic number.
Data and Observations
Analyze and Conclude
1. Describe the pattern you see in your model.
2. Key Concept Predict the pattern of atomic radii of the elements in period 4.
12 The Periodic Table
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Content Practice A LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Periodic Table of the Elements
Directions: Use the periodic table to complete the chart.
The Periodic Table 13
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Content Practice B LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase that correctly completes each sentence.
1. The periodic table is a chart that uses and
to arrange elements according to their
and properties.
2. Russian chemist developed the periodic table by
organizing elements according to .
3. Mendeleev noticed that elements had repeating patterns, or
are , with properties such as melting
point, , and .
4. Moving from to , melting
points on the periodic table first and
then .
5. fixed problems that scientists discovered with Mendeleev’s
table by listing elements according to increasing .
6. The atomic number of an element is the number of in
the nucleus of each of the element’s .
7. Each element key on the periodic table has important information,
including , ,
, and .
8. Both and properties change as
you read across a period on the table.
9. Almost all elements in the periodic table are .
10. is/are on the left side of the periodic table,
is/are on the right side, except
for , and , which are between
metals and nonmetals.
11. New metals, like Bohrium, are , or made by people.
12. The periodic table can be used to understand and an
element’s .
14 The Periodic Table
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Math Skills LESSON 1
Use Geometry
The distance around a circle is the circumference (C). The distance across the circle through its
center is the diameter (d). Circumference divided by diameter equals π (pi), or approximately
3.14. This can be shown by the equation below, where C = circumference and d = diameter.
The radius (r) is the distance from the center to any point on the circumference. So, the
diameter (d) is twice as long as the radius.
d = 2r
You can combine and rearrange these equations to get the following formulas.
If an atom has a diameter of 395 pm (picometers), what is the circumference of the atom?
Step 1 Identify the known variable.
d = 395 pm
Step 2 Identify the equation needed to solve for the unknown variable.
C = d × π
Step 3 Substitute the known values to solve the equation.
C = 395 × 3.14
C = 1,240.3 pm
Practice
1. If an atom has a diameter of 395 pm,
what is its radius?
2. If an atom has a circumference of
227 pm, what is its diameter?
3. If an atom has a radius of 43 pm,
what is its circumference?
4. If an atom has a radius of 65 pm,
what is its circumference?
The Periodic Table 15
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School to Home LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question or respond to each statement.
1. Dimitri Mendeleev wanted to organize the information about elements, so
he placed it in the original version of the periodic table. In the early 1900s,
Henry Moseley rearranged the information into the periodic table we
know today.
Compare Mendeleev’s and Moseley’s versions of the periodic table.
2. Mendeleev organized all the known elements in columns and rows based
on their physical and chemical properties.
Why did Mendeleev have gaps in his periodic table?
3. The rows of the periodic table are periods. The columns of the periodic
table are groups.
Which set of elements usually has more in common, periods or groups? Explain your
answer.
4. Scientists have added elements to the periodic table since Moseley reorganized
it. Some occur naturally on Earth, while others were created in laboratories.
How could the periodic table help scientists predict the properties of new elements that
might be added to it?
16 The Periodic Table
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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Key Concept How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle.
atomic number / element key / hydrogenmelting point / metalloids / metals
nonmetals / periodic table / synthetic elements
Clues
Across
3. between metals and nonmetals on the
periodic table
5. shows chemical symbol, atomic
number, and atomic mass
7. number of protons in the nucleus of
each of that element’s atoms
8. chart of elements arranged according
to their properties
9. latest elements added to the periodic table
Down
1. on the right side of the periodic table
2. increase, then decrease across a period
4. only nonmetal not located on left side
of the periodic table
6. on the left side and in the middle of
the periodic table
The Periodic Table 17
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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Key Concept How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
Directions: Use the table to answer each question or respond to each statement.
Periodic Table of the Elements
1. What is used to create the sequential order of elements?
2. Where are metals on the table?
3. Where are nonmetals on the table?
4. What are between metals and nonmetals on the table?
5. What increases as you read left to right across each period?
6. What is true about elements in the same group?
7. What is true about the characteristics of elements in a period from left to right
on the periodic table?
18 The Periodic Table
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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Key Concept What can you learn about elements from the periodic table?
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly.
1. used to arrange elements sequentially2. a chemical abbreviation
3. how the element is at room temperature
4. hydrogen at room temperature
5. calcium at room temperature
6. what is true of technetium
7. rows
8. columns
9. where information about each element is located / A. state of matter
B. columns
C. element key
D. gas
E. groups
F. periods
G. solid
H. synthetic
I. symbol
The Periodic Table 19
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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1
Using the Periodic Table
Key Concept What can you learn about elements from the periodic table?
Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question or respond to each statement.
1. Add four colors to the key to show metals, metalloids, nonmetals, and recently
discovered elements.
2. Use the colors to correctly categorize the elements on the periodic table.
3. What can you learn about metals from the periodic table?
4. What can you learn about nonmetals from the periodic table?
20 The Periodic Table
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Enrichment LESSON 1
Dimitri Mendeleev: A Giant in the History of Science
Dimitri Mendeleev was born in Siberia
in 1834, the youngest of 14 children. By
the time he was 14, Dimitri was showing
exceptional comprehension of complex
topics, and his mother was saving money
for him to attend the university. Although
Russia was in a period of political unrest,
Dimitri’s mother took Dimitri and his
sister Elizabeth to Moscow and then
St. Petersburg. There Dimitri was admitted
to the university on a full scholarship.