Jim Crow Laws: Comparing Four States
North CarolinaPassed 23 Jim Crow laws between 1873 and 1957. Examples:
1873: Prohibited marriage between whites and “Negroes or Indians.”
1875: White and black children shall be taught in separate public schools.
1899: Segregated railroad cars and steamboats.
1907: Segregated streetcars.
1919: Public or private hospitals, sanatoriums, or institutions which admitted colored patients to employ colored nurses to care for inmates of their own race.
1925: Segregated all buses.
1956: Required all plants and other businesses to maintain separate toilet facilities.
1957: Hospitals for the insane to be segregated. / New York
Passed 15 anti-segregation laws between 1873 and 1953. Examples:
1873: No segregation in inns, public transportation, theaters, or other places of amusement, schools and cemeteries.
1881: No segregation in hotels, taverns, restaurants, theaters.
1894: Black schools to be open for the education of all pupils, regardless of race. Only qualified teachers employed.
1908: Voting and registration permitted on Jewish holidays, allowing Jews to vote.
1910: Prohibited exclusion of any person to any public school in New York on the basis of race or color.
1921: Required electors to be able to read and write in English. Blocked thousands of Jews from voting.
Oregon
Passed 2 anti- intermarriage laws between 1867 and 1930, but also passed laws about English use. Examples:
1867: Prohibited any white person to intermarry with any "Negro, Chinese, or any person having one-quarter or more Negro, Chinese or Kanaka blood, or any person having more than one-half Indian blood."
1924: Voting rights [State Code]
Required electors to read the Constitution in English and write their name.
However, individual businesses were free to discriminate until the Civil Rights laws were passed. / California
Enacted 17 Jim Crow laws between 1866 and 1947, directed against Chinese and Indians more than blacks. Examples:
1870: African and Indian children must attend separate schools.
1872: Prohibited the sale of liquor to Indians.
1879: "No native of China" allowed to vote.
1879: Prohibited public bodies from employing Chinese.
1880: Children of any race or nationality, from six to twenty-one years of age, entitled to admission to public schools.
1880: Prohibited whites from marrying a “Negro, mulatto, or Mongolian."
1891: Required all Chinese to carry with them at all times a "certificate of residence." Without it, Chinese could be jailed.
1931: Prohibited marriages between whites and Asians.