It S a Good Topic

It’s A Good Topic

Jacob Morgan is a keynote speaker, author (most recently of The Future of Work), and futurist., May 13, 2014, A Simple Explanation of the Internet of Things, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-explanation-internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/#d4361a668284 DOA: 9-25-16

The reality is that the IoT allows for virtually endless opportunities and connections to take place, many of which we can’t even think of or fully understand the impact of today. It’s not hard to see how and why the IoT is such a hot topic today; it certainly opens the door to a lot of opportunities but also to many challenges. Security is a big issue that is oftentimes brought up. With billions of devices being connected together, what can people do to make sure that their information stays secure? Will someone be able to hack into your toaster and thereby get access to your entire network? The IoT also opens up companies all over the world to more security threats. Then we have the issue of privacy and data sharing. This is a hot-button topic even today, so one can only imagine how the conversation and concerns will escalate when we are talking about many billions of devices being connected. Another issue that many companies specifically are going to be faced with is around the massive amounts of data that all of these devices are going to produce. Companies need to figure out a way to store, track, analyze and make sense of the vast amounts of data that will be generated So what now Conversations about the IoT are (and have been for several years) taking place all over the world as we seek to understand how this will impact our lives. We are also trying to understand what the many opportunities and challenges are going to be as more and more devices start to join the IoT. For now the best thing that we can do is educate ourselves about what the IoT is and the potential impacts that can be seen on how we work and live.

Definitions

What Internet of Things (IoT) is

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the connection of physical devices that have software embedded to support network connectivity

Wikipedia, no date Internet of Things, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things DOA: 9-25-16

The internet of things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software,sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.[1][2][3] In 2013 the Global Standards Initiative on Internet of Things (IoT-GSI) defined the IoT as "the infrastructure of the information society." [4] The IoT allows objects to be sensed and/or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,[5] creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.[6][7][8][9][10][11] When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids,smart homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020.

UN definition

Government Executive, August 10, 2016, What is the Internet of Things? http://www.govtech.com/fs/What-is-the-Internet-of-Things.html

Oh, a definition is easy. The ITU, the United Nations’ information technology arm, has defined IoT as “a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies.”

IoT covers animals and people. The critical element is the thing, which means it is not just the Internet

Tech Target, no date, Internet of Things, http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT DOA: 9-25-16

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiersand the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. A thing, in the Internet of Things, can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low -- or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP address and provided with the ability to transfer data over a network.

Examples of objects

Webopedia, no date, IoT – Internet of Things, http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internet_of_things.html DOA: 9-25-16

Examples of objects that can fall into the scope of Internet of Things include connected security systems, thermostats, cars, electronic appliances, lights in household and commercial environments, alarm clocks, speaker systems, vending machines and more. Businesses can leverage IoT applications to automate safety tasks (for example, notify authorities when a fire extinguisher in the building is blocked) to performing real-world A/B testing using networked cameras and sensors to detect how customers engage with products.

IoT has expanded to constitute many things

Wikipedia, no date Internet of Things, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things DOA: 9-25-16

As of 2016, the vision of the internet of things has evolved due to a convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous wireless communication, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems.[20] This means that the traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home andbuilding automation), and others all contribute to enabling the internet of things[25] (IoT)

IoT

IoT is the OBJECTS that are connected to the Internet

Webopedia, no date, IoT – Internet of Things, http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internet_of_things.html DOA: 9-25-16

IoT is short for Internet of Things.

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the ever-growing network of physical objects that feature an IP address for internet connectivity, and the communication that occurs between these objects and other Internet-enabled devices and systems.

IoT moves beyond computers and phones to everyday objects

Webopedia, no date, IoT – Internet of Things, http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internet_of_things.html DOA: 9-25-16

The Internet of Things extends internet connectivity beyond traditional devices like desktop and laptop computers, smartphonesand tablets to a diverse range of devices and everyday things that utilize embedded technology to communicate and interact with the external environment, all via the Internet.

IoT is any device connected to the Internet

Broadband Internet is become more widely available, the cost of connecting is decreasing, more devices are being created with Wi-Fi capabilities and sensors built into them, technology costs are going down, and smartphone penetration is sky-rocketing. All of these things are creating a “perfect storm” for the IoT.

Simply put, this is the concept of basically connecting any device with an on and off switch to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cellphones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else you can think of. This also applies to components of machines, for example a jet engine of an airplane or the drill of an oil rig. As I mentioned, if it has an on and off switch then chances are it can be a part of the IoT. The analyst firm Gartnersays that by 2020 there will be over 26 billion connected devices… That’s a lot of connections (some even estimate this number to be much higher, over 100 billion). The IoT is a giant network of connected “things” (which also includes people). The relationship will be between people-people, people-things, and things-things.

Broader explanation of the concept

Perera, et al, 2014, Privacy of Big Data in the Internet of Things Era, Charith Perera (Australian National University), Rajiv Ranjan (CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship), Lizhe Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Samee U. Khan (North Dakota State University), and Albert Y. Zomaya (University of Sydney)

The Internet of Things (IoT) [1] is a network of networks, in which, typically, a massive number of objects/things/sensors/devices are connected through the information and communications infrastructure to provide value-added services. The IoT allows people and things to be connected Anytime, Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Any path/network and Any service [2]. Additional definitions on IoT are also listed in [2]. It is predicted that, by 2020, there will be 50 to 100 billion devices connected to the Internet [2]. These devices will generate Big Data [3] that needs to be analysed for knowledge extraction. Even though data collected by individual devices may not provide sufficient information, aggregated data from number of physical devices and virtual sensors (e.g. social media such as Facebook, Twitter) [2] can provide a wealth of knowledge for important application areas including disaster management, customer sentiment analysis, smart cities, and biosurveillance.

What IoT is NOT

The IOT is not the regular Internet – it is not the interconnectivity of machines, it goes beyond that

Wikipedia, no date Internet of Things, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things DOA: 9-25-16

Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine (M2M) communications and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.[14] The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a smart grid,[15] and expanding to the areas such as smart cities

IoT is not the data alone but is the inextricable mixture of hardware, software, data, and services

Wikipedia, no date Internet of Things, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things DOA: 9-25-16

"Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal waters,[18] automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring[19] or field operation devices that assist firefighters in search and rescue operations.[20] Legal scholars suggest to look at "Things" as an "inextricable mixture of hardware, software, data and service".[21] These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices.[22] Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring.

The “Things” are not mobile phones or computers, but every day objects

Adrian McWewen & Hakim Casimally, 2014, Designing the Internet of Things, http://madsg.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Designing_the_Internet_of_Things.pdf Adrian McEwen is a creative technologist and entrepreneur based in Liverpool. He has been connecting devices to the Internet since 1995—first cash registers, then mobile phones, and now bubble machines and lamps. He founded MCQN Ltd., an Internet of Things product agency and (along with Hakim and others) is co-founder of DoES Liverpool, a hybrid co-working/ makerspace that incubates Internet of Things startups in NW England. He is also CTO of Good Night Lamp, a family of Internet-connected lamps. He was one of the first employees at STNC Ltd, which built the first web browser for mobile phones and was acquired by Microsoft in 1999. Adrian concentrates on how the Internet of Things intersects with people’s lives and how heterogeneous networks of devices should work together, and lectures and speaks on these issues internationally. Despite an education in Italian and English literature, once Hakim Cassimally discovered software development, he hasn’t looked back. He is a staunch proponent of Perl and was one of the organisers of YAPC::EU 2010 in Pisa. These days, however, he is likely to be writing Python for 3D printers or for civic hacking projects with mySociety.org. He co-founded (with Adrian and others) DoES Liverpool

We’ve looked at a number of examples of the Internet of Things, so what is the common thread that binds them together? And why the name? All the cases we saw used the Internet to send, receive, or communicate information. And in each case, the gadget that was connected to the Internet wasn’t a computer, tablet, or mobile phone but an object, a Thing. These Things are designed for a purpose: the umbrella has a retractable canopy and a handle to hold it. A bus display has to be readable to public transport users, including the elderly and partially sighted and be able to survive poor weather conditions and the risk of vandalism. The sports bracelet is easy to wear while running, has a display that is large enough and bright enough to read even when you are moving, and will survive heat, cold, sweat, and rain.

Citywide Deployment

Wikipedia, no date Internet of Things, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things DOA: 9-25-16

There are several planned or ongoing large-scale deployments of the IoT, to enable better management of cities and systems. For example, Songdo, South Korea, the first of its kind fully equipped and wired smart city, is near completion. Nearly everything in this city is planned to be wired, connected and turned into a constant stream of data that would be monitored and analyzed by an array of computers with little, or no human intervention.[citation needed]

Another application is a currently undergoing project in Santander, Spain. For this deployment, two approaches have been adopted. This city of 180,000 inhabitants, has already seen 18,000 city application downloads for their smartphones. This application is connected to 10,000 sensors that enable services like parking search, environmental monitoring, digital city agenda among others. City context information is used in this deployment so as to benefit merchants through a spark deals mechanism based on city behavior that aims at maximizing the impact of each notification.[95]

Other examples of large-scale deployments underway include the Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City;[96] work on improving air and water quality, reducing noise pollution, and increasing transportation efficiency in San Jose, California;[97] and smart traffic management in western Singapore.[98] French company, Sigfox, commenced building an ultra-narrowbandwireless data network in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2014, the first business to achieve such a deployment in the U.S.[99][100] It subsequently announced it would set up a total of 4000base stations to cover a total of 30 cities in the U.S. by the end of the 2016, making it the largest IoT network coverage provider in the country thus far.[101][102]

Another example of a large deployment is the one completed by New York Waterways in New York City to connect all their vessels and being able to monitor them live 24/7. The network was designed and engineered by Fluidmesh Networks, a Chicago-based company developing wireless networks for critical applications. The NYWW network is currently providing coverage on the Hudson River, East River, and Upper New York Bay. With the wireless network in place, NY Waterway is able to take control of its fleet and passengers in a way that was not previously possible. New applications can include security, energy and fleet management, digital signage, public Wi-Fi, paperless ticketing and others.[103]