IT ESSENTIALS – CHAPTER 5A REVIEW
Name ______
1. A computer needs an Operating System for it to be useful.
2. Examples of OS : Windows 7, Windows 10, Linux, Novell.
3. An OS provides interaction between users, applications and hardware.
4. Examples of application : Microsoft Office, Chrome browser, Autocad, etc.
5. An OS has 4 main roles:
a. controls hardware access, b. manage files and folders
c. provides user interface, d. manages applications
6. The 4 characteristics of an OS are:
Multi-user, Multi-tasking, Multi-processing, Multi-threading.
7. In multi-user mode, two or more users can use the OS using individual accounts.
8. In multi-tasking mode, the OS can operate a few applications at the same time.
9. In multi-processing mode, the OS can support two or more CPUs.
10. In multi-threading mode, a program can be broken in smaller parts that are loaded as needed by the OS.
11. A processor has an architecture. The 2 architectures available are :
32-bit x86 architecture and the 64-bit x64 architecture
12. 64-bit architecture allows faster processing than 32-bit architecture; 64-bit OS also offers additional security features.
13. 64-bit OS can access up to 128GB of RAM and offers enhanced memory management, while 32-bit OS can only access up to 4GB of RAM.
14. 64-bit OS uses more registers than 32-bit OS, making it faster in processing.
15. A 32-bit application was installed in a 64-bit OS environment. It will/will not operate.
16. A 64-bit application was installed in a 32-bit environment. It will/will not operate.
17. Two types of OS are Desktop OS and Network OS.
18. Desktop OS supports single-user operation, and runs single-user applications.
19. Network OS supports multi-users, and runs multi-user applications. One example is LAN games.
20. An OS usually has a minimum hard requirements specifications. Google for the minimum requirements of Windows 7 and Windows 10 OS.
Windows 7 / Windows 1021. HCL stands for Hardware Compatibility List. It can be found on the OS manufacturers’ website.
22. This list should be checked before purchase of hardware for the OS, to avoid wasting money buying incompatible hardware.
23. An OS should be upgraded periodically to ensure compatibility with the latest hardware and software. Older OS risk being withdrawn by manufacturer. All data should be backed-up before OS upgrading.
24. An OS can be setup using CDs/DVDs, or over a network from a server.
25. During OS setup and installation, a harddisk needs to be partitioned, and a file system must be created on it. The file system provides the directory structure that organizes the user's operating system, application, configuration, and data files.
26. 1 exabyte = 1 billion gigabytes.
27. The New Technology File System (NTFS) supports partition sizes up to 16 exabytes, while the FAT32 file system supports partition sizes up to 2 TB.
28. Once a new OS has been installed, data from the older OS must be migrated (or transferred) over. Tools for migration are User State Migration Tool and Windows Easy Transfer.
29. Windows 7 has three types of user accounts: Administrator, Standard, and Guest. The Administrator Account must be created when Windows 7 is installed.
30. Windows 7 has a few types of custom installations.
•Network Installation - Requires all setup files to be copied to a network server.
•Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) Installation - Uses a PXE boot program and a client’s network card to access the setup files.
•Unattended Installation - Uses a network distribution point that uses an answer file.
•Image-based Installation - Uses Sysprep and a disk-imaging program, that copies an image of the OS directly to the hard drive with no user intervention.
•Remote Installation - Downloads the installation across the network.
31. When an OS gets corrupted, there are ways of system recovery. System Recovery Options include:
- Repair Disc- For Windows 7. Use the system repair disc to boot the computer
- System Image Recovery – For Windows 7. It allows users to back up the contents of their hard drive, including personal files and settings.
- Factory Recovery Partition – Some computers with Windows 7 preinstalled from the factory contain a hidden recovery partition with an image of the bootable partition.
- Automated System Recovery (Windows XP Professional only) – The ASR is a backup of the system state, services, and OS components. Used with Windows installation disc to recover computer.