Genetics Study Guide Final Exam

Molecular Genetics

Information flow in molecular genetics (sequence relationship between DNA, RNA and protein),

Open Reading Frame and how to use the genetic code

Mutations -- missense (conservative, non-conservative), nonsense, silent and frame-shift, Loss-of-function, Gain-of-function.

Mechanisms of mutagenesis

Genetic Testing (RFLP analysis)

Meiosis (normal meiosis and non-disjunction meiosis)

Meiotic basis for segregation and independent assortment.

X chromosome inactivation

Principles of segregation and independent assortment

Pedigree analysis (autosomal and X-linked)

Multiple alleles

Co-dominance

Recessive epistasis

Linkage and mapping (two- point crosses, pedigree analysis)

Calculating genotype and allele frequencies of a population

Testing populations for genetic equilibrium

Estimating the frequency of heterozygotes (or carriers) in a population.

Basic terms related to phylogenetic trees

Estimating number of mutations in an evolutionary lineage based on number of differences between existing similar sequences in different species.