Español III, IV Study Sheet for the Subjunctive
Mnemonic Devices: Since the subjunctive is such an important part of the Spanish language, I have discovered some mnemonic devices to help you remember when to use it. I hope they help! J
Noun Clauses:
*Subject in the dependent clause must be different from subject in the independent clause.
A WEDDING + U
Advice/recommendations
Wishes, wants, and all types of recommendations
Emotions
Desires, hopes
Doubt
Impersonal expressions
Need/Negation
God/Goal (Ojalá que) ***Moorish influence: Asking for Divine Intervention!
Unknown or non-existent
OR
WEIRD PA sings “INI-U” as he PACES
Wishes, hopes, desires
Emotions
Impersonal Expressions
Requests, Prohibitions
Doubt/Disbelief/Denial
Preference/Prohibition
Advice
*Adjective clauses
*Personal a used before nadie, alguien, ninguno and alguno when they refer to a person.
Indefinite
Non-existent
Imaginary
Unknown
*Adverbial clauses that always take subjunctive!
(Follow Sequence of tenses)
Para que OR En caso de que
A menos que/a fin de que/antes de que Sin que
Con tal que Con tal que
En caso de que A menos que
Sin que Para que
A fin de que and Antes de que
*Adverbial clauses that sometimes take the subjunctive, especially with a future event that may or may not happen!
CHAD ATE MUD OR THE CALM DUDE
Cuando Tan pronto como
Hasta que Hasta que
Aunque En cuanto
Después de que
Así que Cuando
Tan pronto como Aunque
En cuanto Luego que
Mientras
Mientras
(de) Una vez que Después de que
De modo que/De manera que (de) Una vez que
De modo que/de manera que
En cuanto (Notice: a repeat!)
*These six verbs have very irregular present subjunctive forms. So, don’t forget to do the DISHES!
Dar ® dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
Ir ® vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
Ser ® sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
Haber ® haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
Estar ® esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
Saber ® sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
Sequence of Tenses
Main/Independent Clause Dependent Clause
Present è
Present Progressive è
Present & Future Perfect è Present Subjunctive/Present Perfect Subjunctive
Future è
Command è
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Preterite è
Imperfect è Imperfect Subjunctive/Past Perfect Subjunctive
Past Progressive è
Pluperfect & Conditional Perfect è
Conditional è