Constructive and Destructive Waves and Tides

Constructive / Destructive
Diagram / Diagram
Features / Features

2. Coastal processes – marine erosion, transportation and deposition; land-based sub-aerial weathering, mass movement and runoff

3. Landforms of erosion: headlands and bays, blow holes, arches and stacks, cliffs and wave cut platforms

Annotate the different types of rock

4. Landforms of deposition – beaches and associated features: berms, runnels and cusps, spits, bars, dunes and salt marshes

5a. Sea level change – Eustatic and Isostatic change

5b. Coastlines of submergence and emergence and associated landforms

Landforms of Submergence / Landforms of Emergence
Caused by sea levels………………………………………. / Caused by sea levels……………………………………….
R_ _ _ or D______e______/ R_ _ _ _ _ b_ _ _ _
F_ _ _ _ _ / R_ _ _ _ _ s______
p______
F_ _ _ _ _ / R_ _ _ _ c_ _ _ _ l_ _ _
Barrier beaches (B_ _ _ & T______)
Barrier Islands
Drowned forests

NAME THE FEATURES SHOWN

LANDFORM / DIAGRAM / FORMATION – description and explanation

6. Case study of coastal flooding – specific physical and human cause(s) and its physical and socio-economic consequences

Physical Causes/Contributing Factors / Human Causes/Contributing Factors / Case studies
Choose one example to summarise from the list below
- East coast of England (1953)
- New Orleans (2005)
- Irawaddy delta, Burma (2008)
- Bangladesh (numerous examples)

7a. Coastal protection objectives and management strategies – Hard engineering: sea walls, revetments, rip rap, gabions, groynes and barrages

Technique / Description / Diagram / Advantages / Disadvantages
Sea wall
Revetments
Rip rap or rock armour
Gabions
Groynes
Barrages

7b. Soft engineering: beach nourishment, dune regeneration, marsh creation, land use/activity management

Beach Nourishment
What? =
Why = / Dune regeneration
What? =
Why = / Planning/ zoning and land use management
What? =
Why =

7c. Case studies of two contrasting areas – one where hard engineering and one where soft engineering has been dominant

To investigate issues relating to costs and benefits of schemes, including the potential for sustainable management

Case study of Hard engineering – North Yorkshire Case study of Soft Engineering (Managed Retreat)

(Sandsend to Whitby and Robin Hood’s Bay) (Abbots Hall Farm, Essex)

Where (sketch map and description) / Why is the area being protected? / Where (sketch map and description) / Why is the area being protected?
Methods (describe and diagrams) / Evaluation
§  Costs and benefits (Economic & environmental)
§  Sustainability? / Methods (describe and diagrams) / Evaluation
§  Costs and benefits (Economic & environmental)
§  Sustainability?