Chapter Four Review
Vocabulary: cephalocaudal and proximodistal development, independence of systems, synapse, overgrowth & dieback (synaptic pruning), state, SIDS
Learning Objectives:
Describe the five infant states of arousal, with particular attention to sleep and crying.
1. Describe changes in body size, and body proportions during the first 2 years of life.
2. Describe the development and functions of neurons, glial cells and myelin.
3. Describe the development of the cerebral cortex, and explain the concepts of brain lateralization and brain plasticity.
4. Describe research findings related to the existence of sensitive periods in brain development, and note the evidence of brain growth spurts and the need for appropriate stimulation.
5. Discuss changes in the organization of sleep and wakefulness between birth and adulthood.
6. Discuss the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers, the advantages of breastfeedin.
7. Discuss the impact of severe malnutrition on the development of infants and toddlers, and cite two dietary diseases associated with this condition.
8. Describe the growth disorder known as nonorganic failure to thrive, noting common symptoms and family circumstances surrounding the disorder.
9. Explain how infants learn through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, habituation, and imitation.
10. Describe the major milestones of gross and fine motor development during the first 2 years of life.
11. Explain why differences in motor development may occur.
12. Summarize the development of vision in infancy, including depth perception, pattern perception, and face perception.
13. Explain the concept of intermodal perception.