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STAT Chapter (11) – Protection of the Patient during Diagnostic Radiologic Procedures
(ON WEB)
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1. Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?
A. Aperture diaphragm
B. Collimator
C. Filter
D. Extension cylinder
2. Making a change from a 200-speed to a 400-speed system will result in which of the following?
A. An increase in patient radiation exposure by approximately 25%
B. A decrease in patient radiation exposure by approximately 25%
C. An increase in patient radiation exposure by approximately 50%
D. A decrease in patient radiation exposure by approximately 50%
3. Any radiograph that must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial radiograph is known as a repeat radiograph. What effect do repeat radiographs have on the radiation dose received by the patient?
A. The patient receives no additional radiation dose
B. The patient's skin and possibly the gonads receive a double radiation dose
C. The patient's critical organs receive a radiation dose that is 10 times greater than the initial radiation dose
D. The patient's superficial tissues only receive a radiation dose that is 4 times as great as that of the original radiation dose
4. Sharper size restriction of the radiographic beam is achieved when the cone or cylinder is:
A. Longer
B. Shorter
C. Made of aluminum
D. Made of a durable plastic
5. When using digital fluoroscopy systems, making use of the last-image-hold feature can:
A. Be an effective dose reduction technique
B. Eliminate the need to collimate the primary beam
C. Eliminate increased involuntary patient motion
D. Eliminate increased voluntary patient motion
6. What is the function of filtration in diagnostic radiologic procedures?
A. To decrease beam hardness, thereby reducing patient skin dose and the dose to superficial tissues
B. To increase beam hardness, thereby reducing patient skin dose and the dose to superficial tissues
C. To eliminate short-wavelength radiation to reduce the radiation received by the patient's skin and superficial tissues
D. To increase beam hardness, thereby increasing patient skin dose with only a slight increase to superficial tissues
7. Which of the following combination of technical exposure factors and filtration reduce patient radiation dose during a radiographic examination?
A. Lower kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration
B. Higher kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration
C. Higher kVp, higher mAs, decreased filtration
D. Lower kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration
8. Depending on the area of the body being examined with a fluoroscopic image intensification system, a range of _____________ kVp for adult patients is generally used.
A. 40 to 70 B. 50 to 80
C. 80 to 120 D. 120 to 150
9. To reduce the radiation exposure rate and thereby reduce the amount of radiation that a patient receives during a mobile radiographic procedure, the radiographer must use a minimal source-skin distance of:
A. 15 cm (6 “) B. 30 cm (12 “)
C. 38 cm (15 “) D. 45 cm (18 “)
10. When a fluoroscopic image is electronically amplified by an image intensification system, which of the following benefits result?
1. Increased image brightness
2. Saving of time for the radiologist
3. Patient dose reduction
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3
11. Current federal standards limit entrance skin exposure rates of general-purpose intensified fluoroscopic units to a maximum of:
A. 5 R/min (5 x 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg/min)
B. 10 R/min (10 x 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg/min)
C. 20 R/min (20 x 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg/min)
D. 25 R/min (25 x 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg/min)
12. During a fluoroscopic examination, a cumulative timing device times the x-ray exposure and sounds an audible alarm or temporarily interrupts the exposure after the fluoroscope has been activated for about how long?
A. 1 minute B. 3 minutes
C. 5 minutes D. 10 minutes
13. When a pregnant patient must undergo a radiographic examination, which of the following practices will minimize radiation exposure?
A. Selecting technical exposure factors that are appropriate for the part of the body to be radiographed
B. Opening the x-ray beam collimator as wide as possible to ensure complete coverage of the image receptor
C. Adequately collimating the x-ray beam to include only the anatomic area of interest and shielding the lower abdomen and pelvis when this area does not need to be included in the area to be irradiated
D. A and C
14. To visualize smaller and lower contrast objects during interventional procedures, high-level-control fluoroscopy uses exposure rates that are _______________ those normally used in routine fluoroscopy.
A. Higher than
B. Lower than
C. The same as
D. None of the above because smaller and lower contrast objects cannot be visualized by fluoroscopy during interventional procedures
15. According to the American College of Radiology (ACR), abdominal radiologic examinations that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient, including the possibility of pregnancy, need:
A. Not to be postponed or selectively scheduled
B. To be postponed or selectively scheduled
C. To be postponed and scheduled at least 10 days after the start of start of the next menstrual period
D. To be postponed and scheduled 10 days before the end of the next menstrual period
16. Which of the following types of filters should be used to provide uniform density when radiographing a foot in the dorsoplantar projection?
A. Bilateral wedge filter
B. Trough filter
C. Thoraeus filter
D. Wedge filter
17. A radiographer uses high-speed radiographic film inside a 10 x 12 cassette equipped with rare-earth screens and optimal technical exposure factors to obtain PA and lateral radiographs of the chest of a 2-year-old. To maximize reduction of patient dose following adequate immobilization of the toddler, the radiographer should:
A. Shield the reproductive organs and collimate the radiographic beam so that it is slightly larger than the margins of the image receptor
B. Shield the reproductive organs and collimate the radiographic beam so that it is
no larger than the margins of the image receptor
C. Shield the reproductive organs and collimate the radiographic beam so that it is smaller than the margins of the image receptor
D. Not shield the reproductive organs and collimate the radiographic beam so that it is smaller than the margins of the image receptor
18. Federal government specifications recommend a minimal total filtration of _____________ for fixed fluoroscopic units operating above 70 kVp.
A. 1.0-mm aluminum equivalent
B. 1.5-mm aluminum equivalent
C. 2.0-mm aluminum equivalent
D. 2.5-mm aluminum equivalent
19. Which of the following types of gonadal shielding provide the best protection for a male patient during most radiologic procedures?
A. Flat contact shield containing 1 mm of lead
B. Shadow shield
C. Shaped contact shield containing 1 mm of lead
D. None of the above because gonadal shielding is unnecessary for male patients of any age
20. Specific area shielding may be selectively used during some radiologic procedures to protect which of the following:
1. Lens of the eye
2. Breast
3. Reproductive organs
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3
21. Skin doses are most frequently assessed by using:
A. Thermoluminescent dosimeters
B. Filtration equivalent to 4.0-mm aluminum in the path of the beam
C. No filtration in the path of the beam
D. Molybdenum and rhodium filters
22. If carbon fiber is used in the front material in a cassette that holds the radiographic intensifying screens instead of aluminum or cardboard, the result will be:
A. The appearance of faint blotches in the recorded image
B. The appearance of grid lines in the recorded image
C. Higher dose for the patient because higher radiographic techniques are required to produce the radiographic image
D. Lower dose for the patient because lower radiographic techniques are required to produce the radiographic image
23. Which of the following are considered to be benefits of a repeat analysis program?
1. Increased awareness among staff and student radiographers of the need to produce optimal quality recorded images
2. Radiographers generally become more careful in producing their radiographs because they are aware that the radiographs are being reviewed
3. When the repeat analysis program identifies problems or concerns, in-service education programs covering these specific topics may be designed for imaging personnel
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3
24. The genetically significant dose (GSD) for the population of the United States is about:
A. 1.00 mSv (100 mrem)
B. 0.80 mSv (80 mrem)
C. 0.40 mSv (40 mrem)
D. 0.20 mSv (20 mrem)
25. In image-intensification fluoroscopy an x-ray beam half-value layer of 3-mm to 3.5-mm aluminum is considered acceptable when peak kilovoltage ranges from:
A. 50 to 70
B. 70 to 80
C. 80 to 90
D. 90 to 100
Chapter 7 ANSWER PG
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. A
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. D
19. C
20. D
21. A
22. D
23. D
24. D
25. D