Chapter 4 European Settlements
Vocabulary:
1. claim- something declared as one’s own (ex: a land claim)
2. armada- a Spanish word for a large fleet of ships
3. invasion- attack
4. charter- a document giving permission
5. invest- put money into something to try to earn more money
6. stock- a piece of ownership in a company
7. cash crop- a crop grown to sell and earn money
8. indentured servant- someone who agreed to work for a number of years in exchange
for something else (ex: the cost of a voyage)
9. pilgrim- a person who makes a long journey for religious reasons
10. compact- an agreement
11. diversity- variety of people in a group
12. tolerance- respecting beliefs that are different from one’s own
13. missionary- a person who teaches his or her religion to others
I. Core Lesson 1
A. Northwest Passage
1. European explorers looking for a sea route to Asia
2. Wanted to bring back silk and spices
3. Explorers to Know (use comparison chart) (Cabot, Hudson, Cartier)
4. Also know- Champlain
B. Conflict between Spain & England
1. Spanish found gold & silver in Americas (attacked by English ships)
2. Francis Drake- English sea captain who attacked many ships, also led English into battle against Spanish Armada
3. Relgious conflicts (Catholic vs. Protestant)
4. Threat to power- claim to Americas
5. 1588- Spanish Armada attacked England but was defeated.
II. Core Lesson 2
A. Roanoke & Jamestown
1. English wanted colony in Americas (gold & silver)
2. 1585- 100 men settled on Roanoke Island (barely survived)
3. 1587- John White and new colony tried again. White returned to England and came back to “lost colony”
4. 1606- The Virginia Co. (merchants) were given a charter by the King to start a
settlement. They raised $ by asking people to invest in stock. 100 men/boys
traveled to Virginia and started the colony of Jamestown.
Pros of Jamestowns Cons of Jamestown
a. river location (travel) a. swampy, poor water
b. long growing season b. sandy soil (not good for lots of crops)
c. trees (to build) c. mosquitos (disease)
5. Obstacles- Gentlemen settlers (didn’t know how to farm). ½ died of hunger &
disease until John Smith took over.
6. John Rolfe- settler who learned about tobacco (cash crop). Jamestown grew
& sold the crop to England for $ to buy supplies/food. Rolfe later married
Pocahontas (the daughter of the Powhatan’s leader (tribe who traded with
settlers), causing peace between the colonists and the tribe. Peace didn’t last-
English killed many natives and took control of land.
III. Core Lesson 3
A. New England Settlements- Pilgrims
1. English Law- belong to Church of England
2. Separatists went to Netherlands in search of religious freedom (Pilgrims)
3. They still preferred to live apart from people of other beliefs & didn’t want
their children to learn Dutch customs.
4. 1620- 100 Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower towards Virginia.
5. Storm pushed them off course; landed in Massachusetts (became Plymouth)
6. Created own government (Mayflower Compact)
7. Harsh winter- arrived too late to plant, ½ died
8. Squanto- visited Pilgrims following Spring, spoke English, introduced them to Massasoit (leader of Wampanoags). William Bradford (governor of Plymouth) & Massosoit agreed to live in peace. Squanto taught Pilgrims to plant corn, pumpkins & beans/hunt.
9. Feast to thank God for 1st Thanksgiving- celebrate with the Wampanoags
B. New England Settlements- Puritans
1. Another relig. group who also disagree with Church of England, but did not
want to separate- wanted to make themselves pure (free from fault)
2. Colony in N. America- but unlike Jamestown, didn’t come to earn $ (like
Pilgrims wanted community based on religious beliefs)
3. John Winthrop- lawyer, 1st governor
4. Better prepared than Pilgrims, large group of skilled settlers, set sail in March
to allow time to plant crops
5. 1630- Arrived in Salem (north of Plymouth)-soon moved to present day
Boston area. Named settlement Massachusetts Bay Colony (after Indians)
6. Very successful- many other Puritans moved there (became known as New
England)
IV. Core Lesson 4
A. Dutch Colonies
1. Henry Hudson- explorer made land claims for Netherlands (New Netherland)
2. 1st settlements- fur trading posts
3. Peter Minuit- governor of New Netherland, bought Manhattan Island from
Indians and started New Amsterdam (capital of New Netherland). Also set up Swedish colony on Deleware River. New Sweden lasted 17 yrs (taken over by
New Netherland)
4. Dutch West India Co.- trading co. who controlled New Netherland. Wanted
more settlers to farm but not enough people wanted to moved so they looked for
settlers from other countries. Welcomed all people (divsersity)
5. Peter Stuyvesant- became gov. of New Netherland in 1647, harsh man. He
made laws that angered colonists (did not practice tolerance). Didn’t want
settlers with different religious beliefs.
6. 1664- English ships sailed into New Amsterdam to attack. Settlers so
unhappy with governor that they refused to fight back. English gained control
and renamed it New York (to honor Duke of York)
B. French Colonies
1. In 1600’s explorers claimed much of present day Canada for France- New France.
2. Cold climate- hard to farm, fur & fishing became main trade. Quebec- main
fur trading post.
3. Missionaries- moved to Quebec, taught Catholicism, built missions.
4. Fur traders traveled throughout New France to trade with Indians for furs
(French gave them beads, tools, pots, knives & cloth)
5. Partnership between French & Huron Indians and Algonquin Indians (both
tribes at war with the Iroquois). Samuel de Champlain led other fur traders to
fight with Huron & Algonquin against their enemies.
6. Jacques Marquette- missionary in New France. In 1673, he traveled by canoe
down Mississippi River with Louis Joliette (an explorer). Thought the river
lead to Pacific Ocean.
7. Robert La Salle- explored area in 1682, claimed Mississippi River for France.
Name the area Lousiana (in honor of French King Louis XIV).