Chapter 22 Reading Guide
The Ordeal of Reconstruction
Terms: 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, Exodusters, Freedmen’s Bureau, Oliver O Howard, Lincoln’s 10% Plan, Wade-Davis Bill, Black Codes, Tenure of Office Act, Civil Rights Act of 1866, Military Reconstruction Act 1867, Ex Parte Milligan, Hiram Revels, Charles Sumner, Thadeus Stevens, Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, KKK, Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.
I. Post Civil War Difficulties and Questions
A. The Problems of Peace
1. List the question faced by the United States after the Civil War
2. What happened to the rebel leaders?
3. Describe the devastation the civil war visited on the southern cities, economy, agricultural, & social system.
B. Freedmen Define Freedom
1. Describe the piecemeal way that emancipation occurred.
2. Who were the Exodusters? What halted their migration?
C. The Freedmen’s Bureau
1. What was the purpose of the Freeman’s Bureau?
2. Evaluate the success of the Freedman’s Bureau.
3. How did it finally end?
II. Presidential Reconstruction
A. Johnson: The Tailor President
1. Describe Andrew Johnson’s background. How did that affect his attitude towards the south?
2. Why was Johnson placed on the republican ticket with Lincoln in 1864?
3. Describe how Johnson was a misfit as a president.
B. Presidential Reconstruction
1. What was Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction?
2. How did the republican congress respond to this plan? What resulted?
3. On what grounds did Lincoln believe he should direct reconstruction? Congress direct reconstruction?
4. How did the Republican Party factionalize over reconstruction while Lincoln was still president?
5. What was Johnson’s plan for reconstruction?
6. Describe the events in detail, which caused the congress to unite against Johnson’s plan of reconstruction.
C. The Baleful Black Codes
1. What was the purpose of the Black Codes? How were they enforced?
2. How did the north respond to the Black Codes?
III. “Radical” Reconstruction
A. Congressional Reconstruction
Why did the republicans object to the delegates from the newly reconstructed (under Johnson’s plan) states? What resulted?
B. Johnson Clashes with Congress
1. On what Issues did Johnson and congress clash before the tenure of Office Act?
2. Why did congress enact the 14th amendment? What did it provide for?
3. Why were the elections of 1866 significant?
C. Swinging ‘Round the Circle with Johnson
Why were the congressional elections of 1866 so important to congress? To Johnson?
D. Republican Principles and Programs
Describe the two republican factions (Moderates and Radical) ideas of construction. On what did they disagree? On what did they agree?
E. Reconstruction by the Sword
1. Describe the provisions of congressional reconstruction under the military reconstruction act of 1867?
2. What was the purpose of the moderates in supporting this law?
3. Why was the military reconstruction of dubious legality?
F. No Women Voters
Why were women disappointed in the 14th and 15th amendments?
G. The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the South
1. What effects did the newly enfranchised black voters have on southern states politics?
2. Evaluate the radical republican governments in the south. Good and Bad.
3. How did southerners respond to military reconstruction?
H. The Ku Klux Klan
1. What was the ultimate purpose of the KKK?
2. How did congress respond to the outrages of the KKK?
IV. Impeachment
A. Johnson Walks the Impeachment Plank
How did congress plan to remove Johnson?
B. A Not-Guilty Verdict for Johnson
1. Why did Johnson fire Stanton?
2. What resulted?
V. Foreign Policy
The Purchase of Alaska
Describe how the United States came to purchase Alaska. What was the reaction?
VI. Assessment of Reconstruction
A. The Heritage of Reconstruction
What motivated republicans?
B. Varying Viewpoints
1. What were the long lasting effects of reconstruction?
2. According to Beale what were the motivations of the republicans in radical reconstruction?
3. What is Stamps view of reconstruction? Foner’s?