Ch7 Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction Study Guide

· During alternation of generations, cells reproduce by both meiosis and mitosis

· In alternation of generations, a diploid spore-forming cell gives rise to four haploid spores

· To create new haploid cells during the haploid life cycle, the zygote undergoes meiosis

· Cellular in not a type of sexual life cycle

· The simplest and most primitive method of reproduction is asexual

· Budding is an example of asexual reproduction

· Hydras reproduce by budding

· Types of asexual reproduction include budding, fragmentation, and fission

· Fertilization is not a type of asexual reproduction

· The process of producing offspring is called reproduction and can be asexual or sexual

· The more common name for an ovum is a egg

· During cytokinesis in the female, the cytoplasm divides unequally

· Cytokinesis does not provide new genetic combinations

· Crossing-over occurs during prophase 1

· The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes acts as a source of variations within a species

· Separation of homologous occurs during meiosis 1

· The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase 1 of meiosis is that chromotids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase 1

· When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA

· The stage of meiosis during which homologous line up along the equator of the cell is called metaphase 1

· Fertilization of the haploid sperm and egg results in the restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote

· After a new membrane forms during telophase of meiosis, the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two cells

· The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called gamates

· The process called meiosis guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells

· A reciprocal exchange of corresponding segments of DNA is called crossing-over

· The four haploid cells formed in the male at the end of meiosis 2 develop a tail and are called sperm

· An individual produced by asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to its parent is called a(n) clone

· The separation of a parent into two or more individuals of about equal size is called fission

· The process in which sperm and egg cells join is called fertilization

· A spore is a haploid reproductive cell produced by meiosis

· The entire span in life of an organism from one generation to the next is called a(n) life cycle

· The diploid phase in the life cycle of plants is called the sporophyte