SCREENING TOOLS
CAGE Questionnaire
A brief screening tool for alcohol misuse
1.Have you ever felt you needed to Cut down on your drinking?
2.Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
3.Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking?
4.Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning (Eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
Two "yes" responses indicate that the respondent should be investigated further.
CRAFFT Questionnaire
A Brief Screening Test for Adolescent Substance Abuse
C-Have you ever ridden in a CAR driven by someone (including yourself) who was “high” or had been using alcohol or drugs?
R-Do you ever use alcohol or drugs to RELAX, feel better about yourself, or fit in?
A-Do you ever use alcohol or drugs while you are by yourself, ALONE?
F-Do you ever FORGET things you did while using alcohol or drugs?
F-Do your family or FRIENDS ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking or drug use?
T-Have you gotten into TROUBLE while you were using alcohol or drugs?
2 or more “yes” answers suggest a significant problem.
LOW_RISK DRINKING GUIDELINES
0 Zero drinks= lowest risk of an alcohol related-problem
2 No more than 2 standard drinks on any day
9 Women: up to 9 standard drinks per week (pregnant women 0)
14 Men: up to 14 standard drinks per week
STAGES OF CHANGE
MOTIVATIONAL ENHANCEMENT: Matching Approach to Stage of Change
Precontemplation: Raise doubt- increase the patient’s perception of the risks and problems with current behavior
Contemeplation: Tip the balance- evoke reasons to change, risks of not changing; strengthen the patient’s self efficacy to change
Preparation: Help the patient to determine the best course of action to take in seeking change
Action: Help the patient to take steps toward change
Maintenance: Help the patient to identify and use strategies to prevent relapse
Relapse: Support the patient through renewal
5 General Principles of Motivational Interviewing
Express Empathy
Develop Discrepancy
Avoid Argumentation
Roll with Resistance
Support Self-Efficacy
RESOURCES FOR REFERRAL
Drug and Alcohol Registry of Treatment (DART) www.dart.on.ca 1 800 865-8603
12 step programs (AA,NA,CA ) on-line