9/2/14Geography and Map Skills: H2 to H9

Geography

  • The study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create.

Mapping the Earth

Globe– a scale model of the Earth

To study the Earth, geographers use a grid (A pattern of imaginary lines running north and south, east and west).

Latitude linesare imaginary east-west lines (parallels because they are parallel to eachother)

TheEquatoris a latitude line (0 degrees latitude) and divides the Earth in half, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere. Latitude parallels are measured north of the Equator and south of the Equator.

The North Pole is 90 degrees north latitude.

The South Pole is ______.

9/3/14

Longitude lines are imaginary north-south lines (meridians) that run through the north and south poles.

The Prime Meridianis a longitude line (0 degrees longitude) and divides the Earth in half; Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere. Longitude meridians are measured east of the Prime Meridian and west of the Prime Meridian.

The International Date Line is a longitude line (180 degrees longitude) other opposite side of the Earth from the Prime Meridian.

The day begins!

9/6/14Hemispheres of the Earth

The Equator/Prime Meridian divides the globe into two halves called hemispheres.

The Equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

  • Northern Hemisphere continents: Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America
  • Southern Hemisphere continents: South America, Australia, Africa, Antarctica

The Prime Meridian divides the Earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

  • Western Hemisphere continents: North America, South America, Western Europe, Africa
  • Eastern Hemisphere continents: Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia

9/15/14

Map Making

A map is a flat diagram of all or part of the Earth’s surface.

Parts of a Map:

  • Title– shows what the subject of the map is.
  • Compass Rose–directional indicator shows; north, south, east and west (cardinal directions). Draw and Label

(intermediate directions) northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast)

  • Scale- provides distances in miles or kilometers EX: 1 inch equal 100 miles
  • Legend- or map key explains what the symbols on a map represent
  • Locator Map- shows where in the world an area on a map is located

See page H7 for examples

Types of maps H8-H9

  • Political Maps- political features/countries and capital cities

  • Physical Maps-physical features/mountain ranges, oceans rivers

  • Special –Purpose Maps-focus on a topic; climate, population

9/16/14

5 Themes of Geography

  • Location- where something is
  • Place- describes the features that make a site unique
  • Human-Environment Interaction- people interact with their environment in many ways.
  • Movement-How and why people move from one place to another
  • Regions-Areas with common characteristics (landforms, climate, language)

Chapter 1 Section 1; pgs 4-9 Studying Geography

What is Geography?

Geography is the study of the world, its people and the landscapes they create.

Landscape is all the human and physical features that make it unique.

  • Geography as a Social Science

Social Science is a field that studies people and the relationships among them.

Looking at the World

  • Local Level

Geographers help town leaders decide the best location for schools, parks and shopping centers.

  • Regional Level

Region- part of the world that has one or more common features that distinguish it from surrounding areas. Can be based on:

Physical characteristics: mountains, plains, deserts

Human characteristics: language, religion, or history

  • Global Level

Discovering relationships of people who live far apart.

The Geographer’s Tools

  • Maps A flat drawing that shows all or part of the Earth’s surface
  • Globes A spherical, ball shaped model of the entire planet
  • Satellite Images Images gathered by satellites are used to make accurate maps

Chapter 1, section 2; pgs 10-14

Finish the questions in your spiral.

1. Two types of satellite images are

Geography Themes and Essential Elements

2. The six essential elements of Geography are(pg 13)

Write the definition for:

3. Absolute Location-

4. Relative Location-

Where in the Universe is Cedar Lake, Indiana?

Finish the following sentences

5. 5 things that are included in an area’s environment are

6. One reason why people move from one place to another is

Five Themes of Geography (pg 11-quick picture and definition)

1. location

2. place

3. regions

4. movement

5. human environment interaction

Chapter 1, Section 3; pgs 16-20

The Branches of Geography

Physical Geography

  • The study of the world’s physical features-its landforms, bodies of water, climates, soils, and plants

Human Geography

  • The study of the world’s people, communities, and landscapes

Cartography

  • The science of map making

Hydrology

  • The study of water on Earth

Meteorology

  • The study of weather and what causes it

Complete pg 21, 1-10