8-1 Energy and Life
Key Concepts:
–Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
–What is the role of ATP in the cell?
Vocabulary:
–Autotroph
–Heterotroph
–Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Autotrophs:
–auto =______
–Organisms that make their own food (energy).
Heterotrophs:
–hetero = ______
–Obtain energy from food they consume.
Chemical Energy and ATP
–Energy can be ______in many forms:
Light
Heat
Electricity
Chemical Compounds (______)
ATP
–Adenosine TriPhosphate
Adenine (N)
5-Carbon Sugar (Ribose)
______
ADP
–Adenosine DiPhosphate
Adenine (N)
5-Carbon Sugar (Ribose)
______
ATP…… Label!!!
Energy in ATP is ______when it is converted to ADP
The characteristics of ______make it a useful molecule
–It is used by ______as their basic ______source.
ATP:
–Efficient in transferring energy
–______for storing large amounts of energy long term.
–One ______stores more than 90 times a molecule of ATP.
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
______
______
______
Give examples of each
______
Draw a molecule of ATP and ADP, include an arrow showing where the energy is stored in the molecule
Is energy released of stored in the following reaction?
ADP + P ATP
8-2 Photosynthesis
Key Concepts:
–What did the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal about how plants grow?
–What is the overall reaction for photosynthesis?
–What is the role of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Vocabulary:
–Photosynthesis
–Pigment
–chlorophyll
Photosynthesis:
–Plants use the ______to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches).
H2O + CO2 + (Sunlight & Chlorophyll) O2 + C6H12O6 (glucose)
SCIENCE HISTORY…
3 different scientists helped identify the parts of the photosynthesis equation
–Van Helmont
–Priestley
–Ingenhousz
The Von Helmont Problem
QUESTION: ______
______
•He put a 5 lb. willow tree in 200 lbs. of soil. The tree received only rainwater for five years.
•After 5 years, Von Helmont found that the soil only weighed a little bit less than when the experiment began.
•The willow tree now weighed 169 lbs. 3 oz.
What did Helmont conclude was responsible for most of the tree weight gain?
______
Is this the only thing responsible?
______
Joseph Priestley
In 1772 another Englishman, Joseph Priestly reported the results of an important experiment.
He found that a piece of a plant would not die when placed in air that had been “spent” (used) by burning a candle in it.
In such air the plant would grow and the air would then, to his astonishment, again support a candle flame.
Priestly inferred that the mint produced a substance that was required for burning.
What is that substance? ______
J. Ingenhousz
The Dutch physician, Jan Ingenhousz, published Experiments on Vegetables, which supplied experimental evidence stating that the effect observed by Priestly occurred only in sunlight.
He showed that only the ______, especially the leaves, have this capacity.
6H2O + 6CO2 ------> C6H12O6+ 6O2
•Photosynthesis uses the ______to convert
______and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy ______
•C6H12O6 = ______
•Plants use the sugars to produce complex ______such as starches.
Light & Pigment
White light is actually a mixture of different
______of light.
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light
absorbing molecules called ______
The plant’s principle pigment is ______
–Plants also contain red and orange pigments such as carotene which absorbs light in other areas of the spectrum.
Energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transferred directly to electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. These
______make photosynthesis work.
So why are leaves green?
•Look at the wavelengths of light that chlorophyll absorbs & uses in photosynthesis
•The colors that are left are ______and that is what you see.
What is the reaction for photosynthesis?
What were the conclusions of the three scientists that contributed to the process of photosynthesis?
1. ______
______
______
2. ______
______
______
3. ______
______
______
Why are leaves green? (use the words: chlorophyll and wavelengths in your answer)
______
______
______
______
______
8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis
Key Concepts
–What happens in the light-dependent reactions?
LIGHT REACTIONS
–What happens in the light-independent reactions?
DARK REACTIONS
Vocabulary
–ADP / ATP
–Chlorophyll
–Chloroplast
–Glucose
–Light Reactions
–Dark Reactions
–Electron Carrier
In the last section, we learned
–______such as chlorophyll absorb sunlight
–Pigments are found in ______
–Plant leaves have openings (called ______) where
______enters
–Water is brought into a plant by the ______
Draw a chloroplast, label the thylakoid, granum, and the stroma.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
______
Temperature
–Some of the enzymes function best between 0-35 degrees Celsius.
Intensity of light
What are the reactants? / What are the products?Light Dependant Reaction
/ 1)2) / 1)
2)
3)
Light Independent (Dark) Reaction / 1)
2)
3) / 1)
2)
3)
What three factors affect photosynthesis?
______, ______, and ______