7th grade - Ancient Rome Study GuideMosley/Ashe/Stingley
1.While the Romans considered the Germans barbarians who did not share their culture, in fact
a. / the Romans had borrowed much from German culture.b. / the Germans were from Barbary.
c. / the Germans adopted many parts of Greco-Roman culture.
d. / the Persians caused the empire to fall.
2.Late Roman Empire
A.D. 180 / The PaxRomana ends.A.D. 235-284 / Imperial Crisis occurs.
A.D. 285 / Diocletian divides the empire.
A.D. 312 / Constantine converts to Christianity.
A.D. 410 / Goths sack Rome.
A.D. 476 / Roman Empire in the west ends.
How many years passed between the end of the PaxRomana and the stabilization of the empire by Diocletian?
f. / More than 200 years / h. / Less than 100 yearsg. / More than 100 years / j. / About 5 years
3.The tradition that includes common elements of both Judaism and Christianity is called the ______tradition.
a. / Trinity / c. / Judeo-Christianb. / Gospel / d. / New Testament
4.After winning civil wars, the military commanders Sulla and Caesar
f. / left the army. / h. / made themselves dictators.g. / urged the poor to riot. / j. / joined the senate.
5.When the PaxRomana ended, Roman leaders gained power more from
a. / the senate. / c. / the colonies.b. / the people. / d. / the military.
6.How did Rome’s conquests change the Roman army?
f. / Rome convinced the people it conquered to volunteer for its army.g. / Rome was able to reduce its army after it conquered nearby enemies.
h. / Rome’s allies, who were often conquered people, contributed troops to help the Romans fight.
j. / Rome learned how to survive without an army.
7.How did Rome's position on the Tiber River protect it from attacks by boat?
a. / The Tiber was too deep for warships.b. / The Tiber moved too fast for warships.
c. / Rome was too undesirable a port to attack.
d. / Rome was low enough to attack by foot.
8.In the newly formed Roman republic, who could be active in government?
f. / Every person / h. / All free adult malesg. / All adult males / j. / All free adults
9.Which event led to the arrival of Goths in Roman lands?
a. / The movement of the Huns into Europeb. / The battle of Adrianople
c. / Constantine’s rise to emperor following Diocletian’s death
d. / A Roman attack on their homeland
10.The Roman poet Horace wrote
f. / theAeneid. / h. / Odes.g. / theIliad. / j. / Almagest.
11.What was the result of Rome’s conquest of Carthage?
a. / Rome now had control of more lands along the eastern Mediterranean.b. / Rome now had control of more lands along the western Mediterranean.
c. / Rome now had control of more lands to the north.
d. / Rome’s territory did not change after the conquest.
12.Which of the following was something that both wealthy and poor Romans had in common?
f. / Having running water in the home / h. / Living in a villag. / Worshiping the Roman gods / j. / Owning many slaves
13.Which of the following were advantages that concrete had over stone?
1. Concrete was lighter than stone.
2. Concrete was heavier than stone.
3. Concrete was easier to work with than stone.
4. Concrete required less skill than did stone.
a. / 1 only / c. / 1 and 2b. / 1 and 4 / d. / 1, 3, 4
14.How did Greek mythology become part of Roman culture?
f. / The Romans told myths about Greek gods.g. / The Romans identified their gods with Greek gods.
h. / The Romans wrote completely new myths.
j. / The Romans learned Greek myths from the Phoenicians.
15.Why was most Roman trade conducted by sea, rather than by land?
a. / Sea trade was safer, faster, and cheaper.b. / Land routes were faster, but more expensive.
c. / Sea trade was dangerous, but very fast.
d. / Land routes were impossible in most cases.
16.Part A: Which of the following groups rebelled against the Romans?
Part B: In what area?
f. / Jews in Judea / h. / Greeks in Romeg. / Plebeians in Jerusalem / j. / Pharisees in Asia Minor
17.More than any other event, followers of Jesus were convinced he was the Messiah by
a. / the wisdom of his teachings. / c. / their belief in his resurrection.b. / the huge following he attracted. / d. / his crucifixion.
18.Roman persecution of Christians
f. / strengthened many Christians’ faith.g. / was ended by Nero in A.D. 250.
h. / was begun by the Emperor Constantine in A.D. 380.
j. / resulted in the growth of the Jewish faith in many European countries.
19.Which of the following was considered the main role of Roman women?
a. / They elected magistrates. / c. / They managed the family business.b. / They bore and raised children. / d. / They passed important laws.
20.One way that Greco-Roman culture spread was by extending ______to all free persons in the empire.
f. / colonies / h. / currencyg. / citizenship / j. / Christianity
21.The Romans enjoyed large-scale public entertainments, so they developed
a. / the amphitheater. / c. / aqueducts.b. / concrete. / d. / the baths.
22.The last leader to rule over both the eastern and western Roman empires was
f. / Constantine. / h. / Diocletian.g. / Theodosius. / j. / Odoacer.
23.Which of the following best characterizes the Romans’ attitude toward other cultures?
a. / Ignorant / c. / Stubbornb. / Open-minded / d. / Furious
24.How did some magistrates become even wealthier as the Roman republic grew?
f. / They stopped paying their slaves.g. / They supported military dictators.
h. / They took on more work and sold most of their land.
j. / They stole from the provinces and looted from foreign enemies.
25.What was the main reason that the Romans wished to build good roads?
a. / To transport food more quickly / c. / So soldiers could travel more quicklyb. / To make trading more efficient / d. / So all roads would lead to Rome
26.How were loyal allies sometimes rewarded by Rome?
f. / They were made Roman citizens. / h. / They were freed from taxes.g. / They were given back their land. / j. / They were made senators.
27.Our information about the life of Jesus comes mainly from
a. / the Pharisees. / c. / the Zealots.b. / the Gospels. / d. / Jewish teachings.
28.How did Italy's geography help the Romans conquer the Italian Peninsula?
f. / It was easy for soldiers to travel across.g. / It was too mountainous for invaders.
h. / It had no major waterways to cross.
j. / It had easy access to the rest of Europe.
29.Which of the following measures best demonstrates the Romans' fear of overly powerful
officials?
a. / Limits on time in office / c. / Division of patricians and plebeiansb. / Use of togas / d. / Tradition of the Race of Honors
Completion: Complete each statement.
30.The Roman empire was divided into smaller areas called ______.
31.After his death, Augustus was officially made a god, or ______.
32.The top officials in the Roman republic were the ______. Their most important job was to lead the army.
33.Christians believe in one God who exists in three forms as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. These three forms are called the ______.
34.The Romans, who enjoyed large-scale public entertainment, developed the round theater or ______.
35.Emperors debased the currency during the Imperial Crisis. This led to economic problems, including ______.
36.Christians call the Hebrew Bible the ______, and their own writings the ______.
37.The father of a family, who had complete control over his wife and children, was called the ______.
38.Followers of Jesus were convinced he was the Messiah by their belief in his ______.
39.Starting with Octavian, Roman emperors took the title ______.
Short Answer
40.What about a tribune’s role in government made him a particularly powerful official?
41.An event occurred in A.D. 79 in the Roman empire that helped modern historians learn a great deal about Roman culture, although it was a disaster for the people who experienced it. Describe this event and how it contributed to our understanding of the Roman world.
42.Identify four different ways a person could become a slave in ancient Rome.
43.How did the original gladiatorial games differ from later Roman gladiatorial games?
44.Why was the growth of Christianity a concern for Roman officials?
45.What is Stoicism and which Roman philosopher wrote about Stoicism? Why might some have believed that Stoicism was a good philosophy to follow?
46.To what ethnic group did the Zealots belong? What actions did they take to oppose Roman rule, and what was the end result of those actions?
47.Describe the steps that Augustus took to make the Roman empire more stable.
Essay
48.Why do you think Romans made so many advancements in practical technology during the PaxRomana?
49.Describe how some of the differences between poor and wealthy Romans lead to Rome's civil wars and military dictators.
7th grade - Ancient Rome Study Guide Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.ANS:CDIF:L3REF:S. p. 416OBJ:S.13.5.1 Students will know that problems including civil wars and foreign invasions led to the decline of the Roman empire.
2.ANS:GDIF:L3REF:S. p. 416OBJ:S.13.5.2 Students will know that the Roman empire was divided into eastern and western halves, each with its own emperor.
3.ANS:CDIF:L3REF:S. p. 413OBJ:S.13.4.5 Students will know values of the Judeo-Christian tradition.
4.ANS:HDIF:L3OBJ:S.12.4.3. Students will know that the Roman republic was torn apart by civil war and replaced by the rule of the emperors.
5.ANS:DDIF:L3REF:S. p. 414OBJ:S.13.5.1 Students will know that problems including civil wars and foreign invasions led to the decline of the Roman empire.
6.ANS:HDIF:L3REF:S. p. 369OBJ:S.12.1.5 Students will know events shaping the Roman republic and its conquest of Italy.
7.ANS:BDIF:L3REF:S. p. 366OBJ:S.12.1.1 Students will know that the Italian peninsula and the area around Rome provide many natural advantages.
8.ANS:HDIF:L3REF:S. p. 366OBJ:S.12.1.3 Students will know that the people of Rome overthrew their kings, founded a republic, and conquered Italy.
9.ANS:ADIF:L3REF:S. p. 417OBJ:S.13.5.3 Students will know that the western half of the Roman empire collapsed while the eastern half survived.
10.ANS:HDIF:L3REF:S. p. 398OBJ:S.13.2.1 Students will know that the Romans made many achievements in art, literature, and science.
11.ANS:BDIF:L3REF:S. p. 381OBJ:S.12.4.1 Students will know that the Romans fought three wars against Carthage and took control of the Mediterranean region.
12.ANS:GDIF:L3REF:S. p. 377OBJ:S.12.3.2 Students will know that life was very different for different classes of Romans.
13.ANS:DDIF:L3REF:S. p. 392OBJ:S.13.1.6 Students will know Roman contributions to technology, trade, and culture.
14.ANS:GDIF:L3REF:S. p. 367OBJ:S.12.1.2 Students will know that Roman culture was influenced by Etruscan and Greek neighbors.
15.ANS:ADIF:L3REF:S. p. 394OBJ:S.13.1.3 Students will know that long-distance trade helped make the Roman empire wealthy.
16.ANS:FDIF:L3REF:S. p. 402OBJ:S.13.3.1 Students will know that many Jews opposed Roman rule in Judea.
17.ANS:CDIF:L3REF:S. p. 405OBJ:S.13.3.4 Students will know the origins of Christianity in Roman times.
18.ANS:FDIF:L3REF:S. p. 407OBJ:S.13.3.3 Students will know that Jesus' followers founded Christianity and spread it to many people, despite Roman persecution.
19.ANS:BDIF:L3REF:S. p. 376OBJ:S.12.3.1 Students will know that Roman men were the leaders of their families while women had other roles.
20.ANS:GDIF:L3REF:S. p. 395OBJ:S.13.1.4 Students will know that Greco-Roman culture spread across the Roman empire.
21.ANS:ADIF:L3REF:S. p. 398OBJ:S.13.2.3 Students will know that the Romans pioneered large-scale public entertainment.
22.ANS:GDIF:L3REF:S. p. 419OBJ:S.13.5.5 Students will know important leaders in the latter years of the Roman empire.
23.ANS:BDIF:L3REF:S. p. 367OBJ:S.12.1.2 Students will know that Roman culture was influenced by Etruscan and Greek neighbors.
24.ANS:JDIF:L3REF:S. p. 381OBJ:S.12.4.4 Students will know the role of war in the expansion and later collapse of the Roman republic.
25.ANS:CDIF:L3REF:S. p. 392OBJ:S.13.1.2 Students will know that Rome reached new heights in practical technology.
26.ANS:FDIF:L3REF:S. p. 369OBJ:S.12.1.5 Students will know events shaping the Roman republic and its conquest of Italy.
27.ANS:BDIF:L3REF:S. p. 403OBJ:S.13.3.2 Students will know that Jesus was an influential Jewish teacher whose followers believed he was the messiah.
28.ANS:FDIF:L3REF:S. p. 364OBJ:S.12.1.1 Students will know that the Italian peninsula and the area around Rome provide many natural advantages.
29.ANS:ADIF:L3REF:S. p. 371OBJ:S.12.2.4 Students will know the structure of government and division of power in the Roman republic.
COMPLETION
30.ANS:provincesDIF:L3REF:S. p. 381OBJ:S.12.4.1 Students will know that the Romans fought three wars against Carthage and took control of the Mediterranean region.
31.ANS:deifiedDIF:L3REF:S. p. 390OBJ:S.13.1.1 Students will know that emperor Augustus and his successors helped bring about a long period of peace and prosperity known as the PaxRomana.
32.ANS:consulsDIF:L3REF:S. p. 374OBJ:S.12.2.4 Students will know the structure of government and division of power in the Roman Republic.
33.ANS:TrinityDIF:L3REF:S. p. 411OBJ:S.13.4.2 Students will know that most Christians share a core set of beliefs, including faith in Jesus as the son of God and in the Trinity.
34.ANS:amphitheaterDIF:L3REF:S. p. 398OBJ:S.13.2.3 Students will know that the Romans pioneered large-scale public entertainment.
35.ANS:inflationDIF:L3REF:S. p. 415OBJ:S.13.5.1 Students will know that problems including civil wars and foreign invasions led to the decline of the Roman empire.
36.ANS:Old Testament, New TestamentDIF:L3REF:S. p. 408OBJ:S.13.4.1 Students will know that early Christians wrote books about the life of Jesus and other topics that form part of Christianity's scripture.
37.ANS:paterfamiliasDIF:L3REF:S. p. 376OBJ:S.12.3.1 Students will know that Roman men were the leaders of their families while women had other roles.
38.ANS:resurrectionDIF:L3REF:S. p. 405OBJ:S.13.3.4 Students will know the origins of Christianity in Roman times.
39.ANS:AugustusDIF:L3REF:S. p. 383OBJ:S.12.4.3. Students will know that the Roman republic was torn apart by civil war and replaced by the rule of the emperors.
SHORT ANSWER
40.ANS:Tribunes could veto any law or any action by a magistrate. This gave tribunes great power over all the other parts of the government.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 374OBJ:S.12.2.2 Students will know that the government of the Roman republic was made up of three separate branches that held different powers.
41.ANS:In A.D. 79, a volcano to the southeast of Rome, called Mt. Vesuvius, erupted, and the Roman city of Pompeii was destroyed. Many of Pompeii’s buildings were preserved by the volcanic ash, which has aided historians in their study of ancient Roman culture.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 394OBJ:S.13.1.6 Students will know Roman contributions to technology, trade, and culture.
42.ANS:A person could become a slave by being born to a slave or being kidnapped by pirates or bandits. A person could also become a slave if he or she fell into too much debt or was captured in a war.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 378OBJ:S.12.3.4 Students will know gender and class divisions in Roman society.
43.ANS:The original gladiatorial games were held in southern Italy. They were performed as part of a funeral service and were meant as a sacrifice to the spirit of the person who had died. Later, in the Roman empire, the games lost this connection and were staged solely for entertainment.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 398OBJ:S.13.2.3 Students will know that the Romans pioneered large-scale public entertainment.
44.ANS:While the Romans did not prevent their subjects from worshipping whatever gods they chose, they did require them to worship Roman gods. Christians, however, refused to do so. They insisted that they could worship only one god. Roman officials believed that this refusal to worship Roman gods proved that Christians were disloyal to the Roman empire.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 407OBJ:S.13.3.3 Students will know that Jesus' followers founded Christianity and spread it to many people, despite Roman persecution.
45.ANS:Seneca was the Roman philosopher who wrote about Stoicism, which is a philosophy that urges people to accept suffering and practice self-control. Some people may have believed this was a useful philosophy because it helped people prepare for the difficulties that can happen in a lifetime.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 398OBJ:S.13.2.5 Students will know cultural achievements of the Roman empire.
46.ANS:The Zealots were Jews. They decided to use force to resist the Romans and killed Roman officials. They also refused to pay taxes. In A.D. 66, they led a rebellion against Rome, but they were defeated by the Romans.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 402OBJ:S.13.3.1 Students will know that many Jews opposed Roman rule in Judea.
47.ANS:Augustus took many steps to bring peace and stability to the Roman world. He shrank the size of the army and raised soldiers’ pay. He also won the civil wars that had disrupted life within the empire, and this, in turn, boosted the economy. The lives of ordinary people improved. Augustus was also known for his efforts to fight corruption.
DIF:L3/L4REF:S. p. 390OBJ:S.13.1.1 Students will know that emperor Augustus and his successors helped bring about a long period of peace and prosperity known as the PaxRomana.
ESSAY
48.ANS:Possible answer: The PaxRomana was a time of economic growth and peace. Because of this, the people would have had the time, resources, and positive circumstances to allow them to stretch their creative talents. Such a period differs considerably from times of war or economic instability. During these times, the people are under constant strain and must expend all their energy merely to survive. When life is calm and people have sufficient financial resources, they can turn their attention to more creative pursuits.