Name: ___ Period:__8___
Research Paper Outline
Some things to consider before you begin outlining:
o You should have at least two pieces of evidence (paraphrased, summarized, or directly quoted information from a note card) for each body paragraph. A third piece of evidence is encouraged to make your paragraph stronger, but it isn’t required.
o You should not use more than 3 direct quotes in your entire essay. The rest should be summarized or paraphrased. Direct quotes should not be take up more than three lines of text once you write the actual research paper.
o Also, you may find you need a separate paragraph to provide background information and/or address the opposing viewpoint. You may decide on that later, AND you do not have to build it into your outline, although you can if you want. Chances are, however, that these types of paragraphs would come before your “main point” body paragraphs. Having a “background” or “opposing viewpoint” paragraph would probably make your research paper stronger, but it isn’t required.
I. Introductory paragraph:
1. Identify a hook you might use and plan or write it in very rough draft form. You may want to experiment with different hooks.
Whippings, beatings, paddlings, and floggings, all equally painful, and equally wrong. Each created to shape children up; however, it is neither successful nor right. Corporal punishment is the practice of punishing children, commonly by parents or teachers, by using methods that can temporarily put the child into pain. Although it is used to immediately change a child's behavior, other punishment forms are more effective and less risks involved. Corporal punishment also hurts the children it effects and can have negative long term effects. Corporal punishment shouldn't be allowed in schools or private homes.
2. Thesis statement: Corporal punishment shouldn't be allowed in schools or private d homes.
a. Main point #1: Children who are effected by corporal punishment are likely to show more anti-social behaviors and have lower mental development ages.
b. Main point #2: Parents and Teachers who use corporal punishment are more likely to physically abuse the children.
c. Main point #3: Minorities are punished with corporal punishment more often than other students.
II. Body paragraph #1 (Main point #1)
1. Topic sentence (introduces main point #1): Children who are effected by corporal punishment are likely to show more anti-social behaviors and have lower mental development ages.
2. Evidence #1 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted evidence from note
card): Out of all of the states that produce the classes with the highest graduation rates, only 1 out of 10 of them admit to using corporal punishment. (Ferraro and Weinreich).
In-text citation: _ (Ferraro and Weinreich).___
3. Commentary #1 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example
helps support/prove this main point): If most of the most successful schools in the nation don't use corporal punishment, other ways of punishing children must be more effective, and less harmful in the long run.
4. Evidence #2 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted support from note
card): Children who are spanked as young children are proven to display more anitsocial behaviors than other children their age. By age 9 children who are spanked ar proven to lie, cheat, and bully more often than other children who have gone through life without being spanked. (Harder).
In-text citation: ____(Harder).______
5. Commentary #2 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
Not only are older children at schools effected by corporal punishment, but effects can begin at very young ages at the comforts of home. Corporal punishment was designed to have immediate effect on the behaviors on children, even if it hurt the child. However, if the results lead to misbehaved children later on in life, the purpose of corporal punishment is defeated.
6. Evidence #3 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted support from note
card): Children who are spanked at the young ages of 1, 2, and 3 have been studied, and the results have showed that the cognitive mental development scores have been mesurably lower than a child who is punished with verbal punishment.
In-text citation: ______(Bialik).______
7. Commentary #3 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
Corporal punishment has more negative effects than behaviral. When brain development is effected, the system of punishment isn't working. Parents have to stop spanking younger children to halt the slowing of mental development.
8. Closing sentence (Wraps up your paragraph and answers the “so what” about the paragraph):
The children effected by corporal punishment may be effected for good to help their behavior at first, but soon their behaviors and mental scores will suffer in the long-term.
III. Body paragraph #2 (Main point #2)
1. Topic sentence (introduces main point #2):
Parents who use corporal punishment are more likely to participate in further abuse.
2. Evidence #1 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted evidence from note
card):
Parents who spank, paddle, and commit other small forms of corporal punishment are 9 times as likely to abuse their child in more serious ways (Locke).
In-text citation: _____ (Locke).______
3. Commentary #1 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
Children who suffer from the normal corporal punishment, are more likely to be physically abused. Parents should stay away from all types of spanking, so when the punishments don't work, they won't try more serious punishments, leading to abuse.
4. Evidence #2 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted support from note
card):
19 states have no restrictions on how far you can go in punishing a child at schools. One punishment can lead to a more abusive punishment and cause deatch or cause a student to cause themselves death. (Simerman).
In-text citation: ______(Simerman).______
5. Commentary #2 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
Many teachers feel that when paddling does not work they have to resort to a more serious punishment. Sometimes, the punishment gets out of hand and innocent children die. More states need to at least have restrictions on punishment so the children never get more than a spank; however, it would be more effective if all corporal punishment was taken out.
6. Evidence #3 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted support from note
card):
Spanking and corporal punishment could also lead to more serious abuse. About 12% of parents that use spanking as a source of punishment have also commited crimes that can be classified as child abuse. Burning, beating, and shaking have been commited by 12% of mothers and fathers who say they spank over 50 times a year. (Locke).
In-text citation: ______(Locke).______
7. Commentary #3 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
When spanking is common, many parents feel like they need to be more harsh to get their kids to behave. If corporal punishment was banned, there would be no need to feel like abuse is necessary, because verbal punishment and other forms such as grounding, would be the only type of punishments known.
8. Closing sentence (Wraps up your paragraph and answers the “so what” about the paragraph):
Children should not have to suffer greater abuse because the parents feel it is necessary.
IV. Body paragraph #3 (Main point #3)
1. Topic sentence (introduces main point #3):
Minorities are receive an unfair amount of corporal punishment compared to Caucasian students.
2. Evidence #1 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted evidence from note
card): Forty Percent of all corporal punishment incidents in the United States occur in Mississippi and Texas.
In-text citation: ______(Quaid).______
3. Commentary #1 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point): Although corporal punishment is unacceptable anywhere, it is unfair to the students that live in the south because they are more likely to be paddled than any other student.
4. Evidence #2 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted support from note
card):
Native Americans and African Americans are more than twice as likely to be hit or paddled as a punishment compared to White students. (Quaid).
In-text citation: ______(Quaid).______
5. Commentary #2 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
Native Americans and African Americans recieve the brute of the horrible punishment, not because they behave worse, but because the teachers expect them to behave worse. Teachers have a stereotypical image of Native Americans and African Americans in their mind, and are unwilling to accept other facts, so they believe using corporal punishment will shape them into a normal life.
6. Evidence #3 (paraphrased, summarized or directly quoted support from note
card):
The majority of the students who's punishments are taken to an abusive level are disabled children (Simerman).
In-text citation: ___(Simerman).______
7. Commentary #3 (Explain what your example means and/or how this example helps support/prove this main point):
Disabled children often do not know what the best choices are, and the teachers' jobs are to guide them through their difficulties, not punish them for not always making the correct choice on their own. Teachers should help the disabled and instruct the right thing to do. By hitting the children, they are only enforcing that hitting is okay.
8. Closing sentence (Wraps up your paragraph and answers the “so what” about the paragraph):
No children should have to endure corporal punishment, and it is unfair that while some children are free of the punishment, other children still have to deal with it. Corporal punishment is not acceptable for anyone, Caucasians and minorities.
VII. Concluding paragraph:
1. Restate your thesis (using a different approach, words):
Under no circumstances, should corporal punishment be an acceptable form of punishment.
2. Review your main points:
Corporal punishment will most likely have long-term negative effects on children. Many children recieve physical abuse because corporal punishment gets out of hand, and minorities are struck with corporal punishment more than other students.
3. Reveal your overall understanding (your Aha!), issue a call to action, explain what will happen if your viewpoint isn't adopted, or maybe end with an anecdote that supports your thesis.
Corporal punishment is unacceptable, and if it was banned every child around the world would benefit greatly. Every year, young children die because corporal punishment has turned into physical abuse resulting in horrible injuries. Corporal punishment teaches children the violence is okay, hitting is a good way to solve problems, but it is not. A new system of punishment needs to be enforced teaching children only good morals. If corporal punishment is banned, every child would have a better enviroment to thrive in.