6th Six Weeks Test Study Guide Name ______
1. What does conflict mean?(dictionary) Give examples of 2 conflicts we studied.
A struggle or disagreement between people and their ideas.
Ex: WWIIEx: Scramble for Africa
2. What does indigenous mean? (dictionary)
The people who originally lived in a region.
- Nameanindigenous tribethatwasfound in South America? Incas Guns, Germs, and Steel
3. According to Jared Diamond, the reason that people around the world developed in different ways was dependent on the type of geography they had.
- Why was “this” so important to human development? Guns, Germs, and Steel
The Europeans, North Africans and Asians were able to share crops, domesticated animals,diseases, languages, and technology because they all lived within the temperate zone. This enabled them to develop a surplus of food which gave them time to create.
- What were the disadvantages of being in different climate zone? Guns, Germs, and Steel
The North Americans, South Americans and Sub-Saharan Africans were located in two or three climate zones. The same crops, animals, technology and languages didn’t spread throughout the continents because they were not suited for the climates. This hinderedthem from creating a surplus of food, therefore less time to create.
4. European Influence on the Indigenous Tribes of the New World– Read & complete chart
Great changes both positive and negative came with the European invasion and Columbian Exchange. In some ways, Europeans made life easier and morepositive.They brought new crops, ideas, horses, cows and sheep. Through Christian missionaries, the natives were introduced to Christianity, a formal education, inventions, and better healthcare. Many people feel that there were only negative effects from being colonized.
The Europeans conqueredthenatives of the New World which decreased their populations, because the Europeans had more advanced technology (guns and steel). In addition to more advanced technology,Europeans unknowingly brought deadly diseases (germs), that the indigenous people had no immunities to and 95% of them died. The Europeans also took their land and changed the natives’ cultural structure. Therefore, the indigenous peoples became dependenton themanufactured goodsfromEurope.To sum up, it can be said that before the invasion of the Europeans, native peoples wereindependent and self-sufficient.
Positive / Negativenew crops / diseases
technological inventions / their land was taken
education / the native cultures were destroyed
6. Summarize the Columbian Exchange using the graphic above.
After the new world was discovered an exchange of people, ideas, plants, animals and
diseases spread back and forth between Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.
7. These pictures illustrate a time from the 1700’s -1800’s, when goods began to be produced by machines. This led to a rapid increase in the amount of goods that were produced and more technological advances led to exponential growth in population. What is this event called?
Industrial Revolution2
8. After slavery was abolished the Atantic Slave Trade ended. The Europeanscould no longer use Africans for labor in the New World. The Europeans then decided to colonize Africa for it’s land, natural resources, cheap labor and markets. There was a mad dash to divide up the land and thishistorical event is called the Scramble for Africa. Today, Africa still has unstable governments,corruption, civil war, and poor human rights partially due to the creation of political boundaries created by the Europeans at the Berlin Conference in 1884. These new boundaries disrupted the already existing tribal boundaries.(class activity & power point)
A B C
9. How do the graphics above illustrate that European countries wanted to colonize Africa?
A The British officer is standing over Africa controlling it with puppet strings.
B A man from Britiain (top hat and British flag), is devouring Africa as fast as he can.
C This map shows the countries that were created by the Europeans at the Berlin Conference.
10. During the 1800’s,the newly settled African colonies were’nt enough to satisfy theunending greed of the European powers. This started a world wide competition to build empires.Europeans needed raw materials to manufacture products that the new colonies would be forced to buy. Therefore, European nations especially Britain, set out to claim as much of the world as they could. Believing they were superior increasednationalism andin their eyes justified their rightto dominate other people.What is thename of the political policythat supportsstronger nations taking over weaker nations for their own gain? WS 54 Imperialism
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The Cake of Kings and Emperors- Europe dividing China What is the message of this political cartoon?
11. Britain and France claimed much of the world by 1900. After the scramble and colonization of Africa, European powers became unbalanced. These rivaliescontributed to the start of World War I. Germany lostWWI, had to sign theTreaty of Versailles, give back land, and pay reparationsfor damages fromthe war. How dothe results of WW Iconnect to the beginning of World War II? The Road to Warvideo notes, graphics below
Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles
Germany was unable to rapidly rebuild their country because they lost the war. There was alsoa world wide depression after WWI increasing Germany’s unemployment and ability to put money back into their country. These hardships and unresolved problems led to WWII.
12. What event forced the U.S. to end isolationism and enter WWII? Road to WarVideoNotes
When the Japanese bombedPearl Harbor in 1941, isolationismended.
13. During WWII, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s economic hardships. He ordered the killing of millions of Jews and other persecuted groups. What is this event called?
The Holocaust
14. In 1934, German scientists discovered nuclear fission, which occurswhen alarge number of atoms split very quickly resulting in amassive explosion.Albert Einstein, who was German and Jewish,fled Germany as Hitler came to power.Einstein informed President Roosevelt about the power of the atomic bomb. Soon,U.S. military leaders and Enrico Fermicreated theManhattan Projectin Los Alamos, NewMexico to develop the bomb. Einstien was asked to work on the project but declined based on moral grounds.WW II ended when the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities ofHiroshimaandNagasaki. google
15. A.What is apartheid? B.Where did it happen and who set it up? C.What happen in 1994?
A. Apartheid is a political policy which kept blacks and whites separate.
B. Apartheid was in South Africa and was put into law by the white National Party in 1948.
C. In 1994, apartheid ended; Nelson Mandela was elected as the first black president.
16. Read The Long Walk to Freedom, about Nelson Mandela’s time in prison.
Who are the oppressed?black Africans Who are the oppressors?white Afrikaners
What did Nelson Mandela want for all people to do?
He wanted all people of every color to respect and treat each other as equals.
17. Who are the leaders of theAXIS POWERSand what country are they from?WWII video
Adolf Hitler – Germany – Nazis Benito Mussolini – Italy – Black Shirts
Emperor Hirohito – Japan Mussolini and Hitler
18. Who are the leaders of the ALLIED POWERS and what country are they from?WWII Vid Notes
Josef Stalin-Soviet Union Winston Churchill-BritainFDR Franklin Delano Roosevelt-US
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Political Locations:
Ghana / Tanzania / Nigeria / Madagascar / Liberia / Sudan / KenyaSomalia / Ethiopia / South Africa / DRC / Chad / Uganda / Rwanda
Physical Locations:6
Mt. Kilimanjaro / Sahara D. / Sahel / Red Sea / Congo R. / Indian O. / Mediterranean S.Rock of Gibraltar / Suez Canal / Lake Victoria / Nile R. / Atlantic O. / Niger R. / Kalahari D.