Gilded Age – 1877-1898
2nd Industrial Revolution
Natural resources available
Labor force available
New technology
Elias Howe, telephone, light bulb, Bessemer Process
Rise of Big Business
Andrew Carnegie – United States Steel
Mesabi Range
John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil
J.P. Morgan – banking
Vanderbilts – RR
Robber Barons, Captains of Industry
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
“conspicuous consumption”
Social Darwinism
Philanthropy
“Gospel of Wealth”
Working conditions
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory – 1911
Govt. involvement
“laissez faire”
RR and farmers
Interstate Commerce Act 1887
Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890
Women in Gilded Age
To get better working conditions
Difficulty organizing
Knights of Labor 1869 – Terrence Powderly
Great Strike of 1877
Haymarket Square Affair – May 4, 1886
Homestead Strike 1892
Pullman Company Strike 1894
Panic of 1893
American Federation of Labor 1886
Samuel Gompers
Mary (Mother) Harris Jones
Relationship between Govt. and Business?
- Effect on labor?
- Effect on the economy?
Growth of cities
New Immigrants
Political machines
Ellis Island
Great Migration
Dumbbell Tenement
Jane Addams – Hull House - settlement house
Florence Kelley
Backlash against immigration
Nativism
Assimilation, Americanize
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
Horatio Alger – rags to riches stories
James Naismith
Politics of Gilded Age
Ulysses S. Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
James Garfield
Charles Guiteau
Chester A. Arthur
Pendleton Act of 1883
Civil Service Commission
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
McKinley Tariff of 1890
Grover Cleveland
Depression of 1893
Forgotten presidents – Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland
Election of 1896
William McKinley
William Jennings Bryan
Progressive Era – early 1900s
Political reform
Political machines of Gilded Age
William “Boss” Tweed
Secret (Australian) ballot
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
17th amendment
19th amendment
Social reform
Muckrakers
Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half Lives” 1890
Lincoln Steffens – “The Shame of the Cities” 1892
Ida Tarbell – “A History of Standard Oil Company” 1902
Ida Wells
Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle” 1904
Teddy Roosevelt (Leon Czolgosz)
Square Deal
3 Cs – control corporations, protect consumers, conservation
Meat Inspection Act 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
Social Gospel Movement
18th amendment – Prohibition (21st)
Economic reform
Coal Strike in 1902
ICC by Teddy Roosevelt
“Trust Buster”
Conservation
Workman’s Compensation Act of 1916
Election of 1908
William Howard Taft
Election of 1912
William Howard Taft
Theodore Roosevelt – Bull Moose Party
Woodrow Wilson
New Freedom
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
16th amendment
William McKinley 1897-1901
Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909
William Howard Taft 1909-1913
Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921