2018 AP US History Unit Test
World War Two and the Early Cold War
Questions 1-3 relate to the image to the right
1. The image to the right most related to which of the
following?
a. Women in wartime factories
b. Women serving in the U.S. army
c. Advising women to fight the war from their
homes and kitchens.
d. Women signing up for Selective Service
2. While the role of women in World War II was important
what lasting effect did it have in the post-war years?
a. Women gained the right to hold political
offices at the National Level
b. Women gained the right to vote
c. Women gained equal pay to men in all industries.
d. There were few lasting effects in the post war period.
3. What was the primary role played by women during World War Two?
a. They served as pilots ferry planes from factories to front line areas.
b. They entertained troops with USO shows across Europe and the Pacific
c. The served as support staff in the Army and Navy
d. Women played little role at all as the war last such a short time.
Questions 4-6 Relate to the Passage Below
"Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."
-FDR speech March 11, 1941-
4. The "neighbor" referenced in this speech was most likely
a. Britainb. Canadac. Franced. Mexico
5. The speech above would have most likely referred to which legislation?
a. The Atlantic Charterb. The Lend-Lease Act
c. The First Neutrality Act d. The Second Neutrality Act
6. The speech above would NOT have been supported by
a. Secretary of War Henry Stimsonb. Charles Lindbergh
c. Secretary of State Cordell Hulld. Winston Churchill
Questions 7-9 Relate to the passage below
"The "moral embargoes" of 1938 and 1939, referred to previously, brought about the cessation of the export to Japan of airplanes, aeronautic equipment, and certain other materials. As the rearmament program in the United States gained momentum and required more and more available strategic materials, this Government gradually adopted measures, legislative and administrative, which resulted in a steady decline of export to Japan of such materials. The Export Control Act of July 2, 1940 authorized the President, in the interest of national defense, to prohibit or curtail the export of basic war materials. Under that act, licenses were refused for the export to Japan of aviation gasoline and most types of machine tools, beginning in August 1940. After it was announced in September that the export of iron and steel scrap would be prohibited, Japanese Ambassador Horinouchi protested to Secretary Hull on October 8, 1940 that this might be considered an "unfriendly act". The Secretary told the Ambassador that it was really "amazing" for the Japanese Government, which had been violating in the most aggravating manner American rights and interests throughout most of China, to question the fullest right of this Government to impose such an embargo. To go further and call it an "unfriendly act", the Secretary said, was still more amazing in the light of Japan's conduct in disregarding all law, treaty obligations, and other rights and privileges and the safety of Americans, while proceeding to an ever-increasing extent to seize territory by force.'
U.S., Department of State, Publication 1983, Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931-1941
7. All of the following would have been considered examples of growing Japanese-American tensions except?
a. The resolution of Russo-Japanese War in 1905
b. The Japanese exit from the League of Nations 1931
c. The failure of the Gentlemen's agreement 1907
d. The results of the Washington Naval Conference
8. What issue showed that U.S. Japanese relations had taken a deadly new direction?
a. The establishment of Manchukuo in northern China
b. Japanese attacks on Dutch possessions in Indonesia
c. The Panay Incident in China
d. Japanese signing the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Pact
9. Japanese aggression and empire building in the Far East was first illustrated by which event?
a. The Invasion of Manchuriab. The Invasion of Korea
c. The seizure of Hong Kongd. The Invasion of the Philippines
Questions 10- 12 Relate to the passage below
"It has been said times without number, that if Hitler cannot cross the English Channel he cannot cross 3,000 miles of sea. But there is only one reason why he has not cross the Channel. That is because 45 million determined Britons, in a heroic resistance, have converted their island into an armed base, from which proceeds a steady stream of sea and air power. As Secretary Hull said, It is not the water that bars the way. It is the resolute determined British arms. Were the control of the seas by Britain lost, the Atlantic would no longer be an obstacle-rather, it would become a broad highway for a conqueror moving westward."
-NY Times, April 30, 1941
10. Which of the following would the author(s) of this excerpt most likely support?
a. Aiding the Soviet Union in case Britain fell
b. Extending the Good Neighbor Policy to Britain
c. Prohibiting trade and travel on ships of belligerent nations
d. Passing the Lend-Lease Act
11. At the time of the excerpt was published, which of the following was the most pressing problem faced by Britain?
a. The attacks of the supply line by German submarines
b. The bombing of British cities
c. The threat of invasion by Germany
d. The loss of Hong Kong to Japanese forces
12. Who of the following would most likely support the sentiments found in this excerpt
a. Colonial Charles A. Lindberghb. Colonial Robert McCormick
c. Senator Gerald Nyed. President Franklin Roosevelt
Questions 13- 15 Relates to the Image Below
13. Which of the following groups would most likely
support the perspective of this cartoon?
a. The American Federation of Laborb. The America First Committee
c. The Pan-American Committeed. The Roosevelt Administration
14. Which of the following most directly contributed
to the perspective:
a. The Nye Committeeb. The Quarantine Speech
c. The Stimson Doctrined. The Atlantic Charter
15. Which of the following Americans was a famous spokesperson for the cartoon's perspective?
a. Thomas Deweyb. Herbert Hooverc. Charles Lindbergh d. Wendell Wilkie
Question 16- 17 Relates to the Question Below
"I dissent, because I think the indisputable facts exhibit a clear violation of Constitutional rights.
This is not a case of keeping people off the streets at night as was Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v. United States, nor a case of temporary exclusion of a citizen from an area for his own safety or that of the community, nor a case of offering him an opportunity to go temporarily out of an area where his presence might cause danger to himself or to his fellows. On the contrary, it is the case of convicting a citizen as a punishment for not submitting to imprisonment in a concentration camp, based on his ancestry, and solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States. . . ."
Mr. Justice Roberts, Dissenting Opinion, Korematsu v. United States(1944)
16. What was the context of the caseKorematsu v. United States(1944)?
a. Whether or not it constitutional for to force a person to be drafted despite their religious beliefs.
b. Whether or not financial compensation was due to Japanese-Americans forced in internment camps.
c. Whether or not Executive Order 9066 was constitutional.
d. Whether or not a Japanese citizen legally in the U.S. could be deported once war was declared.
17. The situation involving Japanese-Americans in 1941 was similar to what other event in U.S. History?
a. The deportation of German-Americans following the 1917 Declaration of war on Germany
b. The conviction and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti during the 1920s Red Scare
c. The forced removal of Native-Americans to Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Act
d. The deportation of Mexicans during the Great Depression
Questions 18- 19Relate to the Image Below
18. What was the cause of the "war" recounted in the Washington Post headline for June 11, 1943
a. Attempts to deport illegal Chicano immigrants in Washington D.C.
b. Racial tensions between Chicanos and white servicemen in Los Angeles
c. Attempts by Japanese-Americans to resist forced relocation in Seattle
d. Anger at Japanese-Americans for the attack on Pearl Harbor
19. The violence recounted above was made worse by the fact that
a. The police seemed unwilling to stop the violence.
b. The police seemed unable to stop the violence
c. The police were undermanned because so many men were at war.
d. The Japanese had just launched a major offensive and attention focused upon a potential invasion of
Hawaii.
Questions 20 - 23 Relate to the photograph below
20. The most famous role played by African-Americans in World War Two was as
a. Fighter escorts for U.S. bombing missionsb. Ambulance drivers at the front
c. Service personal in the U.S. Navyd. Support troops in the Marine Corps
21. During the war unfair hiring practices in wartime facilities was protested most vocally by
a. W.E.B. Duboisb. Marcus Garveyc. Eleanor Rooseveltd. A. Philip Randolph
22. The resolution to the issue of unfair hiring practices during the war was remedied by
a. Executive 9906b. Executive Order 8802
c. Executive Order 9980d. Executive Order 9981
23. The experiences of Native Americans in WWII was similar to African-Americans in that
a. They were denied higher rank due to racism in the War Department
b. They were forced to play support roles instead of combat positions
c. They performed very important and highly dangerous missions
d. They refused to volunteer protesting years of civil rights abuses
Questions 24- 25 Relate to the Passage Below
"Rationing is a vital part of your country's war effort. Any attempt to violate rules in an effort to deny someone his share will create hardship and help the enemy. This book is our government's assurance to your right to buy your fair share of certain goods made scarce by the war. Price Ceilings have been established for your protection. dealers must post these prices conspicuously. Do not pay more! Give your whole support to rationing and thereby conserve our vital goods. Be guided by this rule: "If you don't need it, don't buy it?"
-War Rations Book 3 and 4, Office of Price Administration, 1943-
24. Which of the following was the primary economic purpose for the rationing program found in the above document?
a. Control inflation caused by shortages of consumer goods
b. Discourage the development of black markets
c. Encourage industries to make consumer goods
d. Encourage workers and unions not to demand higher wages.
25. Which of the following best explains the campaign behind the above government documents?
a. Governments needed to control civilian behavior and reassure people that they were still in control.
b. Industrial production was essential to successful modern warfare and it required a nationwide effort
c. Salvaging waste material promoted patriotism by giving everyone a way to support the war.
d. Governments had to stop civilian hoarding so that the focus of anger would be on the enemy and not each other.
Questions 26 - Relate to the Map Below
26. The Japanese objective in striking Pearl Harbor in 1941 were to
a. Create a decisive first strike against U.S. Naval forces
b. Prepare the island for a Japanese amphibious invasion
c. Take over the island in preparation for invasion of the U.S. mainland
d. To serve as a stepping stone for the invasion of oil-rich Alaska
27. Japanese success in their surprise attack was mostly mitigated by the fact that
a. They lost several valuable submarines
b. U.S. aircraft carriers had already left the region prior to the attack
c. The Japanese missed most of the battleships stationed in Hawaii
d. The Japanese failed to destroy aviation and oil stores
28. Japanese failures in striking the main targets at Pearl Harbor first revealed themselves
a. The Battle of Iwo Jimab. The Battle of Anzio
c. The Battle of Okinawad. The Battle of Midway
Questions 28-25 Relate to the Passage Below
"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone - Greece with its immortal glories - is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place."
Winston Churchill, Sinews of Peace Speech, 1946
28. In the line “from Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended
Across Europe" to what is Churchill referring?
a. Soviet Red Army control of Eastern Europe
b. Chinese threats to invade the Korean Peninsula
c. The division of Berlin into zones of control
d. Communist revolutions in Latin America
29. Which of the following Cold War policies was a direct result of the situation described in Churchill's speech?
a. The Truman Doctrine pledging aid to countries struggling against oppression.
b. The drafting of the United Nations Charter in San Francisco
c. The North Korean Invasion of the South initiating the Korean War
d. The return of Winston Churchill as Prime Minister
30. Which of the following events led directly to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
a. The passage of the 1947 National Security Act
b. The inauguration of the Marshall Plan in 1947
c. The Berlin Crisis of 1948-1949
d. The creation of the Warsaw Pact
31. Which of these best describes the Marshall Plan?
a. The U.S. will aid Europe with humanitarian aid and financial backing for its reconstruction.
b. The U.S. will airlift supplies to Berlin despite the closure of that city to civilian traffic.
c. The U.S. will aid any nation struggling against oppressors from within or from without.
d. The U.S. will send military forces into the Middle East to forestall the spread of communism.
Questions 31 Refer to the Image Below
31. The famous image above was related to which of the following events
a. The building of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union
b. The Berlin Airlift
c. The surrender of Nazi Germany
d. The Liberation of Paris by Allied forces
32. The events of the above image led directly to which of the following?
a. The surrender of German troops at Stalingrad
b. The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
c. The start of the Korean War
d. The evacuation of children from Auschwitz
Questions 33- 27 Relate to the Image Below
33. What is the historical context of the image above?
a. The decision to choose Dewey as VP in the 1944 election
b. Truman had won enough delegates for the 1948 Democratic nomination
c. The closeness of the 1948 Presidential Election
d. The results of the heavyweight championship boxing title
34. What issue most split the democratic party leading up to the 1948 Election?
a. The loss of China to Communism under Mao Zedong
b. Truman's support of stronger civil rights legislation
c. Truman's call to remove wage and price controls
d. His choice of a very liberal Vice Presidential candidate.
35. The results of the 1948 Election would most resemble which of the following?
a. 1932b. 1828c. 1860d. 1872
Questions 36 - Relate to the passage below
"At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.
The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedom. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."
Harry S. Truman, speech to Congress (29th June, 1947)
36. Based upon the text of the speech what is basic message of this speech?
a. That Nazism, while damaged is not yet defeated, and the battle must continue.
b. That the use of the atomic bomb to protect Americans was an absolute necessity.
c. That the world had become a bipolar choice between democracy and dictatorship.
d. That Capitalism and Communism were in opposition but could work together.
37. This was the text of what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine. This political ideal would most resemble
a. Washington's Farewell Address in the 1790s
b. James Madison's Declaration of war against Britain in 1812
c. Wilson's Fourteen Points in 1919
d. FDR's speech explaining the Lend Lease Act in 1941
38. The historical context of the speech involved
a. Communist forces attempting to overturn the governments of Greece and Turkey
b. Stalin's abrogation of the Yalta Accords
c. Soviet support for a communist regime in North Korea