AP GO PO
Topics to Review for AP Exam and Final Exam
Constitutional Underpinnings of the US Government, Federalism and the Constitution (Ch 1,2,3)
· The idea that all groups with a shared political interest should have access to government decisions is known as the ______theory.
· The idea that governmental power is held by those with property and wealth is known as the ______theory of government.
· The idea that all governmental decisions should be influenced by all adult citizens is known as ______.
· The idea that some basic rights of citizens cannot be taken away by any government is known as the concept of ______rights.
· The idea that government should only act in the least intrusive way is known as ______government
· Jefferson used Locke’s ideas to support the idea of ______of the governed.
· The Articles of Confederation were ineffective because the federal government couldn’t levy ______, there was no ______branch, there was no common ______force, there was no federal ______to solve interstate disputes.
· The political event that finally spurred the leaders into attending a new convention was ______in Massachusetts.
· Those who supported the ideas of a new, stronger central government took on the name of ______.
· Those who still supported a very limited central government came to be known as the ______.
· Writers like Madison feared “factions”. A modern name for “factions” would be ______.
· The bulk of the final Constitution was based on the ______, as drafted by Madison.
· The Great Compromise led to the current structure of the ______and ______.
· The idea that different parts of the federal government would have unique powers is known as the principle of ______.
· The idea that different parts of the federal government would limit the powers of other parts of the government is known as the principle of ______and ______.
· The idea that a central government shares authority with regional governments is known as ______.
· The key to ratification turned out to be the promise to add a ______,
· The essays that defended the Constitution, and have become a guide to its interpretations, are known as the ______.
· The most common way to potentially amend the Constitution requires a ____ vote by Congress to propose and a _____ vote by the State Legislatures to ratify.
· When Congress passes acts that are not challenged, when the Court makes decisions that aren’t challenged by new laws, these actions are known as ______changes to the Constitution.
· Voting rules and regulations are controlled by the ______.
· The court case that established the ability of the Court to conduct “Judicial Review” was ______versus ______.
· Powers specifically given to the federal government are classified as ______.
· Powers left to the states are known as ______.
· Powers given to both federal and state governments are known as ______.
· Article VI, which tells us that the Constitution is the final source of federal power, is known as the ______Clause.
· Article 1, Section 8: the clause that gives Congress the authority to conduct “necessary and proper” actions is known as the ______Clause.
· McCulloch versus Maryland, 1819, established that Congress also had ______powers.
· All states must give ______and ______to the laws of other states.
· The main source of federal assistance to states comes in the form of grants for specific purposes. These are known as ______grants.
· Citizens are protected from laws that seize us without charges. This is the protection against ______of ______.
· Citizens are protected from ______of ______that could imprison us without a trial.
· Congress can override a presidential veto with a ______vote by both chambers.
· The ability of Congress to regulate trade “between” the states is the key ______Clause.
· When the president fills a federal office while the Senate is not available to confirm, this is known as a ______appointment.
· Rights applied to the states by the 14th Amendment have been called the ______rights.
· Rights applied to states by specific court cases are known as the principle of
Selective ______.
· When states return someone fleeing from prosecution, this is known as the principle of ______.
Political Beliefs and Behaviors (Ch 6,7,8)
· The ways citizens view politics, the ways the participate are known as their “Political ______.”
· Trust in government has ______dramatically since WWII, Vietnam, Watergate.
· The biggest influence on a person’s political beliefs is that person’s ______background.
· Men in the modern US tend to be more ______, women more ______.
· The strongest factor in the way a person will actually vote is the ______that person identifies with.
· Compared to many other republics, voter turnout in the US is ______.
· Numerous state voting rules, residency laws, lengthy ballots, numerous elections are examples of why the voter turnout in the US is ______.
· Efforts to increase turnout have focused on immediate registration of voters the day of elections. This is known as a ______Voter law.
· Most voters in the US get their political information from ______.
· The age group that votes the most is the ______.
· Since the 80’s, the US political spectrum has become more ______.
· The modern move to pull back governmental powers is known as political ______.
· When the media is accused of controlling how news and issues are prioritized is known as ______.
Political Parties, Interest Groups, Mass Media, Elections (Ch 9,10,11)
· The only time polls can be truly and statistically accurate are when they are ______samples.
· The ______is the statistic that tells the level of confidence in the poll ranges.
· Most news stories about politics are now organized around short bursts of information. These are known as ______.
· When political leaders introduce possible ideas to check for a public reaction, this is known as a ______.
· When the media is seen as creating political priorities for the public and the leaders, this in known as ______setting.
· The primary function of political parties is to ______elections, therefore being able to control policy.
· The other name of the Republican Party is the ______.
· The tradition in the US of having only major parties in power is the ______system.
· Recently, the ______party has controlled the northeast and the west coast.
· Recently, the ______party has controlled the south and the center of the US.
· When parties turn to local areas for ideas, campaign money, voters, this is known as ______support.
· Elections, parties, interest groups, and the media all connect citizens’ needs with the government. These are known as ______institutions.
· The supreme power within each major party is the ______.
· When one party controls the legislative branch and the other party controls the executive, this in known as ______.
· A political ______is a nominating election that consists of registered party members.
· A political ______is a nominating election that consists of members of the general public.
· When multiple states hold nominating elections on the same day in the early Spring, this has come to be known as ______.
· Issues brought forth to specifically divide voters into extreme partisan groups are known as ______issues.
· The agency that attempts to control the spending of campaign money is the ______.
· Money closely regulated is known as ______money.
· Money not regulated, due to free speech issues is known as ______money.
· Registered groups that raise money for elections are ______.
· A person who works with federal and state lawmakers on behalf of a private, public, or business group is known as a ______.
· Most interest groups represent ______.
· Non profit groups that campaign openly and freely for “issues” are known as _____ groups.
· When candidates receive some federal campaign money for elections, this is known as ______funds.
· When interest groups hire lawyers to sue the government about certain issues, this is known as ______.
· Voters who tend to favor more government influence in civil rights and economics are known as ______.
· Voters who tend to favor state’s rights, less governmental influence in the economy, etc. are known as ______.
· During much of the 19th and 20th Centuries, party ______controlled the voting patterns of many cities.
· The biggest effort to control campaign spending came with the law known as ______- ______.
· Throughout most of the last century, nomination elections have become ______open and “democratic”.
· Elections where big swings in power occur between the parties are often called ______elections.
· Each state gets as many votes in the Electoral College as it has ______and ______.
· Each ______is in charge of how members of the Electoral College are selected.
· When groups pull together campaign funds from many different sources and individuals in order to have more influence, this is known as ______.
Institutions of National Government: Congress, Executive, Judiciary, Bureaucracy (Ch 12-16)
· Only the ______can impeach.
· Only the ______can remove a federal official from their office.
· All revenue bills must originate in the ______.
· Because of overlapping terms, the Senate is known as a ______body.
· Every 10 years, the House must be ______.
· When states draw new election district boundaries to favor one party over the other, this is known as ______.
· The biggest, single duty of Congress is to pass the annual ______.
· The permanent committees of Congress are the ______committees.
· The House committee that controls all debates is the ______Committee.
· Leaders who connect the regular members with the leaders are the ______.
· Most legislative work is conducted in ______.
· The committees in charge of federal spending are the ______committees.
· Leadership in committees is usually based on ______of service.
· Only the ______party will hold committee chairman positions.
· Filibuster is allowed only in the ______.
· A small bill attached to more general legislation is known as a ______.
· Legislation that covers multiple areas of law and budgets is known as an ______bill.
· ______will usually win Congressional elections.
· Bills that give money or projects to specific districts are known as ______.
· Excessive spending by Congress on personal projects is known as ______.
· When Congress monitors agencies that run laws already created, this is known as ______oversight.
· The vast majority of bills introduced each session are bound to ______.
· Each year, Congress holds a ______. Every two years are known as a Congressional ______.
· During a session, members of Congress are ______from arrest.
· When the president is invited by Congress to come give a speech outlining the goals of the nation, this is known as the ______.
· A government official serving out a term after being defeated or announcing retirement is known as a ______.
· If new federal courts are needed, ______can create them.
· If the Electoral College doesn’t select a president, then the ______takes over the selection process.
· Congress’ agency that helps create the federal budget priorities each year is the ______.
· When a bill is being debated and corrected in committee meetings it is known as the ______process.
· The general issues that have determined which candidates are more likely to be elected are known as ______qualifications of the presidency.
· When the president “hides” a bill at the end of a legislative session it is known as a ______.
· When the president creates policy by telling the entire executive branch to act in a certain way it is known as an ______.
· The agency specifically in charge of helping the president set budget priorities is the ______and ______.
· When the president assigns outsiders to investigate potential problems they are given the title ______.
· When the president creates officers that control specific topics like the budget or drug use they are given the informal title of ______.
· When a president negotiates a treaty with a foreign government, a ______vote of the ______is needed for approval.
· According to amendments, any president can serve no more than ____ years.
· When presidents attempt to influence Congress with potential public support it is known as using the ______.
· Most of the president’s national security powers come from the role of being ______.
· Most members of the White House Staff are selected by a president for their consistent ______to the president.
· When a president is very popular and others expect to win elections for being in the same party they are known for riding the president’s ______.
· Generally, a president needs to maintain a public approval rating of about ______% in order to remain influential.
· The act Congress passed to curb a president’s military powers is the ______Act.
· The use of budget policies to try and influence the health of the economy is known as ______policy.
· All federal spending that is required by law is known as ______spending.
· All federal spending that can be selected by Congress is known as ______spending.
· The biggest source of federal revenue is ______taxes.
· When agencies, legislative committees, and lobby groups gang up to control laws and policies it is known as the ______of power.
· The main controversy about bureaucratic agencies is that they seem to hold quasi- ______and quasi-______powers.
· The two layers of courts in the US (state and federal) is known as the ______Court System.
· The “general law of the US” is run by ______.
· The “limited and exclusive law” of the US is run by the ______government.
· Most cases going to the Supreme Court are sent under the process of a Writ of ______.
· The Court can decide to hear a case under the Rule of ______.
· When a case goes directly to the Supreme Court it is known as ______Jurisdiction.
· When a case reaches the Supreme Court from a lower court it is known as ______Jurisdiction.