College of Doctoral Studies
Comparison Matrix
Article 1 / Article 2Title/Author(s) / Nature and nurture of the interplay between personality traits and major life goals.
Bleidorn,Wiebke., Kandler, Christian., Hülsheger, Ute R., Riemann, Rainer., Angleitner, Alois., & Spinath, Frank M., / A comparison of generational differences in endorsement of leadership practices with actual leadership skill level.
Gentry, William A., Griggs, Tracy L., Deal, Jennifer J., Mondore, Scott P., Cox, Brennan D.,
Persistent GCU Library Link / /
Purpose of the Study
What is the author’s rationale for selecting this topic?Does he build a strong case? / The main purpose of the author is to examine the environmental and genetic sources of the interplay between the Big Five and major life goals. / This main purpose of the study is to investigate whether managers from different generations considered certain leadership practices are important for the success in their organization or not, whether managers were skilled in those leadership practices, and is there any gap between perceived importance and skill ratings.
Research Question(s)
What question(s) does the author present? / What is the phenotype picture of this study?
How the major goals of the life influenced either by genes or specific environment experience?
Are there any unique genetic effects on major goals of life?
Are there any common environmental effects on big five and major goals of life?
Are there any cross-time effects between the big five and major life goals. / What are the criteria for the managers for their success?
Whether they choose leadership as one of the eight important factors for the success in his or her organizations?
How the skilled managers were in 16 leadership practice?
Whether there are similarities or differences among generation in the extent to which the importance of leadership practice is aligned with the skill level of the managers.
Literature Review
How is this organized? What are the main themes found in the review? Who are the main authors used? / The author arranged all the literature in logical form in the main section of the study. The literature focussed on the definition of the major goals of the life and its categorization into general and specific goals. Further literature studies the structural link between traits and goals. The literature defines the importance of personality traits and environmental factors and its influence on the major goals of the life of a person. It presents the systematic relationship between of moderate magnitude both cross sectional and across time.
The major authors who contributed to the study are Roberts & Robins, Ludtke, Cantor, Johnsons, Kandler, Shiner Wood etc. / The authors have divided the whole study in three perspective -baby boomers, generation X and Millennials.
The literature defines the particular characteristics of these three generations and its linked to their skills and capabilities. The major point of the study is to find out the differences in their attitude and values due to the different experiences of the life at work place in terms of their working style and perceiving the things. Besides differences, the literature shows some similarities in their characteristics related to motivational factors, organizational commitment, work involvement and attachment, preferences for learning and development at work.
The major authors who contributed to the study are Deal, Strauss, Howe, De Kerpel, Hoofman and Lence, Kowske, Rash and wiley etc.
Sample Population(s)
What group(s) is/are being studied? / It includes the sample size of 1,118 of male and female of the age of 18 or above from Germany. The sample size has collected data from adult Twins of Germany. It includes monozygotic and dizygotic German twins who were reared together. / It includes the sample size of American managers in which 3317 are baby boomers, 3303, generation Xers, and 429 milennials. All of them were participating in a development process either in their own organization, with the consultant or at a non-profit institute through the leadership development programme. The age was 18 years and above and includes both male and female.
Limitations
What are the limitations of the study?Why can it only encompass so much? / The sample size is taken for twins. So it is applicable only for them not others. The other limitation is that there is an overrepresentation of women as relative to male and MZ as relative to the DZ in twin pairs.
A second limitation is that analyzes were performed on data from only two points of measurement. / The main reason of the limitations is to use of archival data. First limitation is that it is difficult to determine which leadership practices 8 out of 16 are most important for the success in the organization. Second limitation is to find differences in the perception of the manager’s belief system. The third limitation arose due to inability to control for contextual variables because of global recession.
Results/Conclusions
What did the author find through the study?Was the original questionanswered? / The authors got partial success in achieving their objective of the study. It is found that the major goals of the life are more suspectable to the external influence of the external environment as compared to the personality trait of the person. The authors are able to get the answers to their questions to the same extent. / Authors got the success in finding the answers to their questions. This study would be useful for the front-ine managers and consultants in determining the skill deficiency of the employees on the basis of the gap analysis. This study will help in improving the performance of the employees through their skill development.
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