2005 MCASHigh School Biology

Question 8: Biology
The box below shows a list of supplies that are available in a laboratory.
  • four flasks with stoppers
  • floodlight
  • tap water
  • graduated cylinders
  • small aquarium plants
  • four small fish
  • bromthymol blue (a chemical indicator that changes color from blue to yellow as the level of carbon dioxide in a solution increases)

The class sets up an experiment with the four flasks as shown.
Flask 1: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, plant
Flask 2: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, 2 small fish
Flask 3: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, 2 small fish, plant
Flask 4: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue
/ / /
Flask 1 / Flask 2 / Flask 3 / Flask 4
All four flasks are stoppered and placed under the floodlight.
  1. What color would the solution in each flask be after a few hours?
  2. Explain how the processes that have occurred in each flask result in the observed color of the bromthymol blue solutions.

Scoring Guide and Sample Student WorkSelect a score point in the table below to view the sample student response

Score / Description
4 / The response demonstrates the student's thorough understanding of the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate prediction of expected results and explanations, including the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in the appropriate flasks.
3 / The response demonstrates the student's general understanding of the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate prediction of expected results and partially correct explanations.
OR
Response includes accurate prediction of expected results and three of the four explanations are correct.
OR
Response includes accurate prediction of three results and four correct explanations.
2 / The response demonstrates the student's simple understanding of the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate predictions of expected results but two or more incorrect explanations.
OR
Response includes accurate predictions of two or three results with correct explanations, but incorrectly predicts or explains other results.
1 / The response demonstrates the student's minimal understanding of the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate predictions of two or three results with no explanation or incorrect explanation. The response must indicate at least one change from the initial conditions.
OR
Response includes one correct prediction and explanation.
0 / Response is incorrect or contains some correct work that is irrelevant to the skill or concept being measured.

18.

a. Glycine, Serine Arginine

b. Glycine, Tryptophan, Serine

c. Original: GGT TCGAGA

(Gly) (Ser)(Arg)

Glycine Options: GGT, GGA, GGC, GGG

Serine Options: TCG, AGT, TCT

Arginine Options: AGA, AGG

d. A mutation can change the DNA but not always change the amino acid sequence because there is sometimes more than one DNA codon that codes for a specific amino acid.

Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System

2006 MCAS Sample Student Work and Scoring Guides

High School Biology

Question 11: Biology

Question 25: Biology

Question 26: Biology

Question 32: Biology

Question 39: Biology

Name: ______Date: ______Class: ___

BODY SYSTEMS (MUSCULAR, RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY) OPEN RESPONSE QUESTION:

*We have not yet studied the muscular system. However, you can still answer the question below with 100% accuracy using what you know about cells in general.

Mitochondria require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration to make energy for the body in the form of ATP. The respiratory, circulatory, and muscular systems interact to provide the mitochondria with this required oxygen.

Describe how these three systems interact to provide mitochondria in a thigh muscle cell with the necessary oxygen for ATP production. Be sure to discuss all three systems in your response. You may include a diagram with your response.

The respiratory system allows a person to breathe in air through their nose and mouth and transport it to the alveoli in the lungs. The alveoli are surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Oxygen from the air in the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries where it is in lower concentration. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the capillaries to the alveoli in the lungs where it is in lower concentration. This carbon dioxide will be expelled from the body during exhalation. The capillaries surrounding the alveoli carry the now oxygen-rich blood towards the heart so that it can be pumped out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The blood travels through a series of arteries, then smaller arteries called arterioles, and eventually travels to a cell through even smaller blood vessels called capillaries. The walls of capillaries are in very close contact with body cells and are only one cell thick to enable quick diffusion of molecules. This is where the transfer of oxygen to the thigh muscle cell happens. The oxygen diffuses from where it is in high concentration (blood) to low concentration (thigh muscle cell). The mitochondria in the thigh muscle cell uses this oxygen to make energy to allow the cell to do work. In the process called cellular respiration, the mitochondria uses one glucose molecule (C6H12O6) and six oxygen molecules (6O2) to make one molecule of ATP (energy), six carbon dioxide molecules (6CO2) and six water molecules (6H2O). The cell then uses this energy, in the form of ATP for cell processes.