Name ______Hr _____
1. Define these words from past units
a. Adhesion
b. Cohesion
c. Plasmodesmata
2. Use your reading to define the words below
a. Casparian Strip
b. Transpiration
c. Sugar source
d. Sugar sink
3. Use activity 32A & your notes to label the pictures below & answer the questions. Begin at the bottom
Slide 2. Label: root hair, plasmodesmata. Draw & explain the two routes water can take to the xylem
Slide 3. Label: casparian strip, endodermis, epidermis, xylem.
Slide 5 &6. Label: hydrogen bonds. Explain their role in moving water; include the 2 properties of water involved
Slide 8. Label: stomata, guard cells, xylem. Explain guard cells are and their role in moving water.
4. List & define the cells found in xylem & phloem. Include definitions of xylem sap and phloem sap.
5. Apoplast pathway = ______route & Symplast pathway = ______route. Add these to the picture
6. Draw the direction that transpiration occurs on the picture above.
7. What is the endodermis & casparian strip? How are they involved in the Apoplast pathway?
8. Use activity 32B & your notes to label the picture below and answer the questions
Slide 1 &2. Label the sugar source & sugar sink. Name the process used to make sugar
Slide 3. Label the xylem & phloem. Explain how sugar and water are transported from source to sink
Slide 4 & 5. In the winter to spring explain what happens to the source & the sink.
Slide 6. Label the direction that the phloem flows in the spring & in the summer
9. What triggers stomata to open? To close?
10. Explain how stomata open and close?
11. What wastes do plants have? What do they do with those wastes?
Put the best answer in the box below
1. Which of the following is a physical barrier preventing the flow of water to xylem via cell walls?
a. ortex
b. Casparian strip
c. phloem
d. epidermis
e. plasmodesmata
2. Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of water into a root?
a. guard cell, endodermis, cortex, xylem
b. epidermis, endodermis, guard cell, xylem
c. epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem
d. root hair, xylem, endodermis, phloem
e. root hair, cortex, xylem, endodermis
3. What force is responsible for the cohesiveness of water?
a. osmosis
b. ionic bonding
c. negative pressure created by evaporation of water from the spongy mesophyll of leaves
d. hydrogen bonding between water molecules
e. diffusion of ions
4. The two main forces that move water upward in xylem are
a. root pressure and pressure flow.
b. transpiration and pressure flow.
c. transpiration and root pressure.
d. transpiration and translocation.
e. active transport and pressure flow.
5. Which of the following choices best describes the mechanism that causes a stoma to open?
a. release of Ca+2 from the endoplasmic reticulum causes actin filaments in the guard cells to contract, deforming the cells.
b. K+ activates water pumps in the guard cell membrane that pump water into the cells and make them turgid.
c. K+ leaves the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells flaccid.
d. K+ enters the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells turgid.
e. Loss of K+ from surrounding epidermal cells creates an environment of negative pressure, which expands the guard cells.
6. Dew, fog, high humidity, and rainfall mostly affect vascular plants by
a. stopping lumbering activity in old-growth forests.
b. being absorbed through the leaves.
c. keeping herbivorous animals inactive.
d. reducing the transpiration rate.
e. decreasing the plant's metabolic rate by lowering the temperature.
7. If a plant is kept in the dark, we would find that
a. the guard cells will open and close based upon the amount of water added to the plants during this time.
b. the stomata continue their daily rhythm of opening and closing.
c. the stomata will remain open the entire time that the plant is in the dark.
d. the stomata will remain closed the entire time that the plant is in the dark.
e. None of the choices are correct.
8. In general, we can say that fluids are
a. pushed along in phloem sap and pulled along in xylem sap.
b. pushed along in phloem sap and xylem sap.
c. pushed along in xylem sap and pulled along in phloem sap.
d. pulled along in phloem sap and xylem sap.
e. None of the choices are correct.
9. The sugar "sink" in roots is created by the
a. osmosis of water into xylem cells.
b. absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells.
c. active transport of sugars from phloem to other root cells.
d. pull of gravity on sugar molecules.
e. active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells.
10. How do sugars move from one sieve-tube cell to the next?
a. by flowing along with water through perforations in the sieve plate
b. by active transport across cell membranes at the sieve plate
c. by active transport through a companion cell that spans the sieve plate
d. by diffusion through a companion cell that spans the sieve plate
e. by osmotic diffusion through the sieve plate