Week: 2.12
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Eva
Course: / AECL/BIO 365
Instructor: / Dr. Adams
Date: / 10-30-13
1.) The ______layer of the integument is where keratin can be found and the inner layer the ______is much thicker where most glands can be located.
2.) In fish scales, there are cells called ______which hold pigments.
- Describe its function.
3.) ______glands produce toxins or poisons.
4.) Many reptiles undergo a process called ______where the epidermis is shed.
5.) One of the few glands found in Aves is the ______gland used for preening.
6.) Name the four glands in mammals, their function, and location.
7.) In sweat glands the ______is for cooling and the ______has sexual function.
8.) The ______is the master center of the endocrine system and produces ______hormones which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce other hormones.
9.) The ______hormone produces metabolic and growth hormones.
10.) The hormone ______is key in the metamorphosis of amphibians.
11.) The ______hormone controls calcium levels in the blood, is important to bone formation, and significant to ______formation in birds.
12.) The ______(third eye) is located in the brain and produces ______. What is this hormone responsible for?
13.) In the esophagus, ______is the constrictions pushing food forward through the digestion tract.
14.) Many characteristics changed when vertebrates moved to land. Name 3 features most modern vertebrates possess to handle their food and begin digestion.
15.) The ______in birds is for storage of grains and other foods. Where the ______grinds food and usually contains rocks or gravel.
16.) Birds and crocodiles have a unique feature called the ______at the anterior end of the stomach.
17.) The length of the digestive tract enhances nutrient______, per unit body weight herbivores tend to have ______intestines relative to carnivores.
18.) The ______is a blind sac of bile and used for the breakdown of fats.
19.) Ruminants have four chamber stomachs beginning with the ______, ______, ______and ends with the ______.
- Why do ruminants have four chambers?
20.) In the fundic tissue of the stomach ______breaks down proteins while ______splits fats.
21.) The ______is a blind storage sac for bile and is used in the breakdown of fats.
22.) Vertebrates like the hagfish don’t regulate their salt and water balance this species is called an ______.
23.) The ______is the functional unit of the kidney. Name three main parts of the kidney and their function.
24.) Most fish are ______which means they CAN NOT tolerate a wide range of salinity. The ______can handle a wide range of salinity.
- Like ______fish. There are 2 types of these fish. Name and provide an example of each.
25.) Humans obtain most of their water from drinking, but a kangaroo rat gains its water through ______.
26.) The two types of neurons found outside of the CNS are ______neurons or sensory neurons while ______neurons are motor neurons.
27.) Motor neurons can be part of two subdivisions, the ______nervous system (skeletal muscles) or the ______nervous system (other muscles and glands).
28.) Most internal organs are innervated with two antagonistic components of the autonomic nervous system. For instance, with respect to heart rate, the ______system increases heart rate, while the ______slows heart rate.
29.) The ______comprise the myelin sheath which surrounds the axon of a neuron creating insulation and speeds up the signal.
30.) In the nervous system there are 2 common types of synapses ______and ______.
31.) Name the three types of sense organs (receptor types) and explain their function.
32.) Smell is more ______than taste, and is the most ______and universal of all the senses.
33.) ______tastes are important to warn an organism of toxic levels.
34.) Mechanoreceptors are located the ______of the skin.
35.) What is a lateral line? How does it sense vibrations , who uses this and provide an example of how it is used.
36.) Hearing in mammals begins in the middle ear with 3 bones the ______, ______, and ______which ______sound. Before vibrations reach these ear ossicles it must go through the ______.
37.) What is parthenogenisis?
38.) The light sensitive region called the ______is found in some fish, reptiles, and birds.
39.) The retina contains the ______which includes the ______and ______.
- More ______means ______vision.
- Compare and contrast the rods and cones.
40.) Describe monocular and binocular vision. Explain why this is important in a predator/prey relationship.
41.) The California ground squirrel produces an ______signal when confronting rattlesnakes. This alters the snake behavior to avoid the ground squirrel and no longer pursue it as prey. The most interesting part is the ground squirrel can’t detect the signal it produces.
42.) The majority of vertebrates use ______.This refers to the chromosomes determining the sex of the offspring like birds or mammals. However there are a small number of vertebrates which rely on environmental conditions to determine the sex. These vertebrates use ______- ______.
Provide an example of TSD.
43.) Vertebrates display a variety of reproductive strategies. List the characteristics below which describe the extremes of this reproductive continuum. Make sure to list examples of each.
R-selected species K-selected species
44.) ______and ______are the two forces which allow aquatic locomotion to occur.
45.) To be an efficient swimmer, the organism must also counteract ______and reduce ______.
46.) How do aquatic vertebrates reduce drag?
47.) Explain how aquatic vertebrates create lift.
48.) Name the 4 thrusting movements and explain what each movement is and who does this.
49.) Instability during swimming can be caused by three factors. Name and describe each factor then provide the fin(s) that counteract that movement.
50.) ______states that an increase in in airspeed causes a decrease in pressure, thus resulting in more lift.
51.) A bird’s wing is said to have ______, meaning it is thicker at the leading edge, and thin at the trailing edge. (teardrop shape)
52.) Name three ways that a bird can produce lift.
53.) Name the 5 types of terrestrial locomotion.
54.) Name the 3 locomotion postures and an example of each.
55.) A ______, is a sequence of behavioral acts that is unchangeable. Like ….
56.) Cursorial locomotion requires a ______Lo/Li ratio, whereas diggers require a ______Lo/Li ratio.
57.) In ______conditioning an animal learns to associate a stimulus with a reward or punishment.
58.) ______is a self-less behavior where you are reducing your fitness to enhance others fitness.
59.) ______is the local extinction of a species as a result of interspecific competition.
60.) The ecological theory of ______describes how much overlap in resources 2 species may exhibit and still be able to coexist in the same habitat.
Study the parts of the feather (rachis, calamus, barbs, barbules, hamuli
How do you distinguish between a flight and tail feathers
Know the difference between horns and antlers
Know the 3 hair types and location
Know the 9 glands in the endocrine system
Know what the anterior pituitary gland produces and what each hormone does
Know 4 stomach epithelial tissues and what order they’re present. Which one is only found in mammals.
Know the 2 Hermaphrodites and examples
What are undulations and oscillations
Know 2 types of drag
Know the 2 types of flying and 2 types of soaring
Know the crawling types
Know gripping structures specialized for climbing
Know 3 pair bond types and examples
Review the behavior lectures again because there is no worksheet corresponding
GOOD LUCK and study hard!!!!!