2.1 Varietal Improvement
Fourteen centres spread over 10 states carried out the varietal development activities as per the approved technical programme. The salient achievements during the year 2015-16 in toria (Brassica rapa var toria), yellow sarson (B. rapa var yellow sarson), gobhi sarson (B. napus), Indian mustard (B. juncea), karan rai (B. carinata) and taramira (Eruca sativa) are discussed below:
2.1.1 Genetic Resource Management
A total of 5,437 accessions comprising toria (507), Indian mustard (3,952), yellow sarson (410), gobhi sarson (127), brown sarson (65), karan rai (187), taramira (87), Brassica tournefortii (04), Sinapis alba (01), B. caudatus (02), R. caudatus (05), B.nigra (12), B. oleracea (06), Raphanus sativa (01), Crambe spp (01), Lepidium spp (02), Camellina spp (01) and other wild species (23)were maintained through appropriate mating system at Bhubaneswar, Dholi, Hisar, Kanpur, Sriganganagar, IARI, New Delhi, Navgaon, Jobner Chatha and SK Nagar (Table 2.1.1). Another 42 new accessions comprising Indian mustard (22), taramira (20) were collected. Further, 815 accessions consisting of 413 Indian mustard, 84 toria, 174 yellow sarson, 17 gobhi sarson, 41 brown sarson, 06 Karan rai and 80 taramira accessions were evaluated. On the basis of germplasm evaluation, promising accessions were identified for earliness in toria at Bhubaneswar and Dholi; tolerance to aphids and drought in toria at Bhubaneswar; resistance/tolerance to diseases and pests and for high oil content at Dholi in toria; earliness and aphid tolerance in Indian mustard at Bhubaneswar; tolerance to diseases and pests and quality traits at Dholi.
2.1.2 Creation of genetic variability through hybridization/ mutagenesis and selection
Creation of variability is the essence and backbone of the breeding programme. To cater the need of diverse agro-climatic conditions of the country, 82 crosses were attempted in toria, 76 in yellow sarson and 663 in Indian mustard, at Chatha, IARI New Delhi, Hisar, Navgaon,, Sriganganagar, Morena, Varanasi, Pantnagar and SK Nagar to improve seed yield, earliness, seed size, disease/pest resistance, yellow seed coat colour, dwarfs, salinity tolerance, quality and high oil content (Table 2.1.2). Selection of superior plants/bulks at different centres was practised in toria, yellow sarson and Indian mustard. In toria, development of composites population after the selection was the main objective. In yellow sarson, hybridization and selection from segregating generations were attempted at Pantnagar and Kanpur. In Indian mustard, 14453 single plants and about 629 bulks were selected from segregating and advanced generations.
2.1.3 Evaluation of advanced breeding lines
The advanced breeding lines evaluated under different station/state /preliminary yield trials at various centres have been presented in Table 2.1.3. 137 strains of toria were tested at Kanpur, Hisar, Chatha and Dholi. The yield superiority in toria was up to 27.2 % over the check (RAUTS-17) at Dholi. In yellow sarson, 53 strains were tested at Kanpur and Dholi. The yield superiority up to 20.8 % over the check RAUDYS 14-05 was recorded at Dholi. In Indian mustard, 1074 strains were evaluated at 08 centres; Chatha, Hisar, IARI New Delhi, Navgaon, Dholi, SK Nagar, Sriganganagar and Varanasi in 55 trials. Yield superiority up to 47.5 % over the check Pusa Vijay was recorded at IARI, New Delhi under timely sown irrigated conditions. Twelve strains at Hisar and 07 at Chatha of gobhi sarson were also evaluated.
2.1.4 Hybrid/ Mapping populations development/ quality improvement
In Indian mustard, Six mapping populations for mapping genes/ QTLs for drought and heat tolerance, oil content and seed size were advanced for developing RILs at IARI, New Delhi. Molecular markers linked to white rust and oil quality traits were validated. Marker At2g36360 reported linked to white rust in Donskaja was found polymorphic between Donskaja and Pusa Mustard 24 / Pusa Mustard 30 at IARI New Delhi. CMS and restorer conversion programme for hybrid development has been undertaken at IARI, New Delhi, Hisar, Pantnagar and SK Nagar (Table 2.1.2). For cytoplasm diversification, nuclear genome from 26 genetic backgrounds to different sterility inducing cytoplasms viz., Moricandia arvensis (mori), Diplotaxis erucoides (eru) and Diplotaxis berthautii (ber) 73 backcrosses (BC2 –BC9) were attempted at IARI New Delhi. At IARI, under quality improvement programme, 2731 single plants/bulks were screened for a fatty acid profile of which 2658 were having less than 2% erucic acid.3401 single plants/bulks from double low-quality material were screened for their glucosinolate content using spectrophotometer of which 454 plants/bulks were possessing <30 ppm glucosinolate.
2.2 Breeder seed production
Indents of 107.06 q breeder seed of 76 rapeseed-mustard varieties were received from Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC), Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India for production during 2015-16. The allocation was made to 23 centres for the production of 106.63 q breeder seed of 74 varieties during the 22nd annual group meeting held at SIAM, Jaipur. Breeder seed of two varieties; Hyola 401 and Chini sarson was not allotted due to first belong to a Pvt Sector Compay and later is not a notified variety. Against the indent of 107.06, 304.32 q breeder seed including carry over was produced, indicating a surplus availability of 197.69 q. Breeder seed of 03 varieties including RLM 619, RGN 303 of Indian mustard and VL Toria 3 of toria could not be produced as the nucleus seed of RLM 619 was not available. Further, less quantity of Pusa Mustard 27 (-0.13q), of Indian mustard; Anuradha (-0.8 q), Parbati (-1.45 q) of toria was produced. In addition, 38.61 q breeder seed of 30 varieties was also reported from different centres. The centre and variety wise details of breeder seed production are reported in Table 2.2.
PB1
Table 2.1.1 Genetic Resource Management activities
Crop
/ Centre / No. of accessions procured/ collected / No. of lines maintained / No. of linesevaluated / Promising accessions identified / Traits for which identified
1
/ 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7Toria / Bhubaneswar / - / 130 / - / ORT (m)17-6-5(76 days)& ORT17-7-1 (77 days) / Earliness
- / - / - / ORT-17-6-5 / Tolerant to aphid
- / - / - / ORT 17-6-16 / Tolerant to drought
Dholi / - / 84 / 84 / IGT-2, IGT-64 , IGT-91, RAUDT-62, RAUDT-15,
RAUDT-7 ,RAUDT-67, RAUDT-36,RAUDT-16,RAUDT-74,RAUDT-79,RAUDT-7,DC9401 ,TH-9802,Dwarf Toria, Satha local / Yield , Earliness Yield components , Thermo-tolerant ; Resistance/Tolerance to Diseases –Pests,and Quality traits like Oil Content.
Kanpur / - / 255 / - / - / -
Navgaon / - / 01 / - / - / -
S.K. Nagar / - / 19 / - / - / -
Chatha-Jammu / 18
Total / - / 507 / 84 / - / -
Indian mustard / Bhubaneswar / - / 128 / - / BM-20-12-3 (90 days), BM20-23-6(90 days) / Earliness
BM-20-23-6 / Tolerant to aphid
Chatha-Jammu / 45 / 23 / - / -
Dholi / 390 / 390 / MDOC-8; MDOC-53;MDOC-27; TPM-1, RK-8401, NDRE -4; IC -401574; IC-399788; TM-12, BIO94, Domo, Jatai Local, , EC 339000, EC 338997 , EC-399301, PAB 9511, PAB 9534 , IC401574, IC 399788, RAURDA 09-32, RAURDA 09-34, RAURDA 09-78, RAURDA 09-153, RAURDA 09-170, RAURDA 09-172, RAURDA 09-212, RAURDA 09-214 / Yield , Earliness Yield components , Thermo-tolerant ; Resistance/Tolerance to Diseases –Pests,and Quality traits like Oil Content.
Hisar / - / 311 / - / - / -
IARI, New Delhi / 457 / - / -
Kanpur / - / 1465 / - / -
Sri Ganganagar / 22 / 794 / - / - / Yield, disease
S.K.Nagar / - / 362 / - / - / -
Total / 22 / 3952 / 413
Yellow sarson / Dholi / - / 174 / 174 / RAUDYS-89-111, Pendent Local, RAUDYS-9701
RAUDYS-9702, RS-1 / Yield, Earliness, Yield components, Resistance /Tolerance to Diseases - Pests and Quality traits.
Hisar / - / 12 / - / - / -
Kanpur / - / 155 / - / - / -
S.K.Nagar / - / 69 / - / - / -
Total / - / 410 / 174
Gobhi sarson / Dholi / - / 17 / 17 / Tower, HNS 0004,HYOLA 401 / -
Hisar / - / 39 / - / - / -
IARI, New Delhi / - / 31 / - / - / -
S.K. Nagar / - / 17 / - / - / -
Chatha-Jammu / - / 23 / - / - / -
Total / - / 127 / 17
Brown Sarson / Navgaon / - / 01 / - / - / -
Dholi / - / 41 / 41 / BSH -1 / -
S.K.Nagar / - / 23 / - / - / -
Total / - / 65 / 41
Karan rai / Dholi / - / 06 / 06 / Kiran, PBN-2001, PBN-2002, PBN9501, PBC9221 / -
Hisar / - / 10 / - / - / -
IARI, New Delhi / - / 170 / - / - / -
S.K.Nagar / - / 01 / - / - / -
Total
/ - / 187 / 06 / -B rapa
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 44 / - / - / -Total
/ - / 44 / -Taramira / Jobner / 20 / 80 / 80 / RTM- 1516 and RTM-1518 / Seed yield
Navgaon / - / 01 / - / -
Total / 20 / 81 / 80
B. tournefortii / IARI, New Delhi / - / 02 / - / - / -
Navgaon / - / 02 / - / - / -
Total / - / 04 / -
S. alba / IARI, New Delhi / - / 01 / - / - / -
Total / - / 01 / -
B. caudatus / IARI, New Delhi / - / 01 / - / - / -
Navgaon / - / 01 / - / - / -
Total / - / 02 / -
R. caudatus / IARI, New Delhi / - / 04 / - / - / -
Navgaon / - / 01 / - / - / -
Total / - / 05 / -
B. nigra / IARI, New Delhi / - / 12 / - / - / -
Total / - / 12 / -
B. oleracea
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 06 / - / - / -R. sativa
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 01 / - / - / -E. sativa
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 06 / - / - / -Crambe spp.
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 1 / - / - / -Lepidium spp.
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 2 / - / - / -Cameliina spp.
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 1 / - / - / -Other wild species
/ IARI, New Delhi / - / 23 / - / - / -Grand Total
/ 42 / 5437 / 815Table 2.1.2: Number of crosses, their generation and a number of selections practised
Centre / Objective (s) / Generation / Pedigree / No. of crosses/ lines / SelectionNo. of single plants / No. of bulks
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7
Crop: Toria
Bhubaneswar / Early, high seed and oil yield, dwarf / F7 / PT 303 x PT 507, PT 303 x Panchali, PT 303 x TS 29, PT 507 x Panchali, PT 507 x TS 29, Panchali x TS 29 / 06
Chatha-Jammu. / Early and high yield / Fresh crosses / Open pollination (Early and late populations) / 8
F1 / RSPT-1, RSPT-2, RSPT- 6 crossed with PT-303 , PTC-2009-3, RAUDT-10 , TL15, TKM-13-2 ,TL-21 lines. / 18
Hisar / Early, high seed yield / Open pollination / Early and late populations
Kanpur / Early, high yielding / Population Improvement / Population 1:TK 01-1, TK 01-2, PT-303, TK 02-1, TK 9901, PT-507, T9, Bhawani, ORM (M) 21-1, ORM (M) 7-1, Parbati, Anuradha and ORT-11 / 3 / ü
Population 2:TK 9902, PT-303, TK-9801, TK-9802, PT-507, T9, Bhawani, ORM(M)21-1, ORM(M)7-1, Parbati, Anuradha and ORT-11 / ü
Population 3:TK-950, TK-9302, PT-303, TK-9702, PT-507, T9, Bhawani, ORM(M)21-1, ORM(M)7-1, Parbati, Anuradha and ORT-11 / ü
Morena / Earliness, seed yield, bold seeded and quality / F3 / RMT-10-9 x (JT-1,RMT-08-6,JD-6); RMT-10-11 x (JT-1,RMT-08-6,JD-6); RMT-10-13 x (JT-1,RMT-08-6,JD-6); JT-1 x (JM-1,JM-2,JM-3,JM-4,RVM-1,RVM-2); RMT-08-6 x JM-1, RMT-08-6 x RVM-2; JM-1 x (JT-1,RMT-08-2,RMT-08-6,RMT-10-7, RMT-10-10); JM-2 x JT-1,RMT-08-2, RMT-08-6,RMT-10-10, B-85); JM-3 x JT-1 / 16
F4 / JMT-02-6 X (JMT-04-5, JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), JT-1 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RVM-1 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RMT-8 -4-1 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RMT-08-5-1 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RMT-10-10 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RMT-10-11 x (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), rmt-10-13 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RMT-10-14 X (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30), RMT-10-15 (JMT-04-5,JD -6, RMT-10-7, PT-30) / 40
F5 / RMT-02-6 X (JT-1, JMT-08-6, JMT-08-7, JMT-08-10, JD-6, PT-303), RMT -02-6 X (JT-1, JMT 08-6, JMT 8-10, JD-6, PT-303), RMT -05 X (JT-1, JMT-08-7 JMT-08-10, JD-6, PT-303), RMT -01-6 X (JT-1,JMT 08-6, JMT-08-7 , JMT-08-10, JD-6,PT-303), RMT -04-1 X (JMT-08-6, JMT-08-7, JMT-08-10,JD-6, PT-303), RMT -08-1 X (JT-1, JMT-08-6, JMT-08-7, JMT-08-10, JD-6), RMT -08-13 X (JT-1, JMT-08-6, JMT-08-7, JMT-08-10, JD-6, PT-303), RMT-08-9 X(JT-1,JMT-08-6, JMT-08-6,JMT-08-7, JD-6, PT-303), RMT-08-2 X (JT-1,JMT-08-6, JMT-08-7, JMT-08-10, PT-303), RMT-08-8 X (JT-1, JMT-08-6, JMT-08-7, JMT-08-10, JD-6, PT-303) / 21
F6 / RMT-02 x (JT-1, RMT-10-10), RMT-02-6x (RMT-10-6, JD-6, PT-303), RMT-05x (RMT-10-7, RMT-10-10), RMT-016x (JT-1, RMT-10-6, RMT-10-10), RMT04-1X (RMT-10-6, RMT-10-7, RMT-10-10, JD-6, PT-303), RMT-10-11XJT-1, RMT-10-13X(JT-1, RMT-10-6, RMT-10-7, RMT10-2XRMT10-10, RMT-10-8 X RMT10-6, JT-1X (PT-303, NDT-5-3, BHAWANI, Bastor Toria-4), NDT-5-3x JT-1, Bhawani X JT-1, Bastor Toria -4 x JT-1, RMT-10-7x RMT04-1, RMT-10-9X (TK-06-2, TL-2013, RMT-04-1, RMT-10-7), TK-06-2 X RMT-10-7, TH-303 X RMT-10-7, RMT 04-1 X RMT-10-7, RMT-10-13 X RMT-10-7, PT-2004-3 X RMT-10-9, RMT-10-11 X (TL-2013, RMT-10-13), RMT-10-13 X (RMT-10-9, TK-06-2, RMT-04-1). / 22
F7 / RMT-08-11 x PT-303, RMT -08-11 x ORT-17-6-16, RMT -08-11 x TL-2013, RMT x10-13 x RMT-10-11, RMT x10-13 x TL-2013, TL-2013 x RMT-10-13, PT 303x RMT-10-13 / 7
F8 / TK-06-1x TL-2013, TL-2013 x JMT-016, PT-2004 – 3 x (TH- 0302, JMT-016, JT-1), TH- 0302 x (JMT02-6, JMT-04-1, JT-1), Bhawani x (TL-2013 , TH-0302, JMT-016), JMT-02-6 x (TK-06-2, TH-0302), JT-1 x (TL-2013, TH-0302, Bhawani) / 12
F9 / RMT-02-6 ´ ( PT-2004-3, TH-0302), RMT-05 ´ (RAUDT-01-02, TK-06-2, TK-06-1, TL-2027, PT-2004-3), MRN-T-20 ´ (RAUDT-01-03, RAUDT-01-02, TK-06-2, , PT-2004-3, TH-0302, JT-1´ (TL-2027, TH-0302), Bhawani ´ JMT –02-6, TL-2027 ´ RMT-02-6, RAUDT-01-02 x JMT-02-6 / 11