Here is a table found on a packet of food.
Typical values / Per 100g / Per 175g portionEnergy / 258kJ/61kcal / 452kJ/107kcal
Protein / 2.0g / 3.5g
Carbohydrate
of which sugars / 9.2g
3.5g / 16.1g
6.1g
Fat
of which saturates / 1.8g
0.3g / 3.2g
0.5g
Fibre / 2.3g / 4.0g
1What are tables like this called? Tick the correct box.
nutrition information tables food information tables
nutrient information tables vitamin information tables
2 aHow many grams of carbohydrate do 100g of the food contain?
bHow many grams of protein do 200g of the food contain?
3What do we need nutrients for? Tick the correct boxes (there are at least two).
growth and repair energy
health they taste nice
4What nutrients are not listed for this food?
______
5What does fibre help to prevent? ______
6Some of the carbohydrates in the food are sugars. Name one substance that is also a carbohydrate that might also be found in this food. ______
7What substance is used for test for starch? ______
1Tick all the nutrients.
carbohydrates fats fibre
minerals vitamins water
2In science, what does the word ‘diet’ mean? Tick the correct box.
what someone usually eats
what someone eats on special occasions
what someone eats when they want to get less fat
3On the right is a nutrition information label from a
packet of crisps. The values are worked out by food
scientists working for the crisp company.
aHow much protein is there in a bag of the crisps?
______
bHow much carbohydrate is in 100g of crisps?
______
cSome of this carbohydrate is sugar. The rest is
another type of carbohydrate. What is its name?
______
dWork out how much of this carbohydrate there is in 200g of crisps.
______
eName two nutrients that are not found in these crisps.
______
fWhat do we need energy for? Suggest one thing. ______
4A piece of cheese is rubbed on a piece of paper. It leaves a greasy mark. What does this tell you about what cheese contains?
______
5Mike wants to test a potato for starch.
aWhich chemical should he use? Tick the correct box.
Biuret solution copper sulphate solution starch solution
iodine solution Optrex® nitric acid
bWhat will happen to this chemical if it comes into contact with starch?
1 Draw lines to match the beginning of each sentence with its end. One has been done for you.
2 The drawing shows a model for a large molecule. In the space to the right of the arrow draw what the molecule might look like after digestion with enzymes.
1Look at the diagram.
aWhat does the diagram show a part of?
the digestive system
the circulatory system
the breathing system
the excretory system
bWhat is the name of the organ that is a pump?
______
cLabel this organ on the diagram.
dWhat does it pump? ______
eWhy does it pump? Tick the best answer.
to make sure liquids do not escape from
your body
to keep liquids moving around your body
to make sure all your tissues get glucose
and oxygen
to make sure that it does not stop pumping
fOn the diagram, label one other part.
2 Fill in the missing words.
William Harvey thought up a ______to explain how blood flowed around the body. He used this ______to make a ______Marcello Malpighi showed that this was correct.
3 The boy in the drawing is measuring something.
aWhat is he measuring? ______
______
bMartin wants to measure this when he is in a cold
room and when he is in a hot room. He wants to
see if it changes. Suggest one variable he should
keep the same when doing his experiment.
______
Ben wanted to know how much oxygen his body used each minute – at rest and while running.
Ben’s temperature, heart rate, breathing rate and volume of air he took in each breath were measured before and during running.
The results are shown in the table.
Temperature (°C) / Heart rate(beats/minute) / Breathing rate
(breaths/minute) / Volume of air per
breath (cm3)
at rest / 36.6 / 62 / 12 / 400
while running / 37.2 / 128 / 30 / 900
When answering the following questions you may need to consider the word equation for aerobic respiration, which is:
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
1Why do you think Ben’s heart rate increased when running?
2aCalculate the total volume of air breathed in per minute at rest.
bCalculate the total volume of air breathed in per minute while running.
cHow much more air did Ben breathe in per minute while running?
dWhy did Ben need to take in more air when running?
3aAbout 20% of the air breathed in is oxygen. Using your answer to 2a, calculate how much oxygen Ben breathed in each minute at rest.
bThe body uses about 4% of the oxygen breathed in. Calculate how much oxygen Ben used each minute at rest.
c Work out how much oxygen Ben used each minute while running.
4aWhat effect did exercise have on Ben’s temperature?
bWhy do you think this happened?
Have you ever seen a person with smallpox? Do you know anyone who has ever caught smallpox?
Smallpox has completely died out, but 200 years ago everyone was terrified of catching it.
When someone caught smallpox they came out in spots, developed a high temperature and often died. Smallpox spread rapidly, especially among children.
In 1780 ten out of thirty children would have died from smallpox by the age of 13.
At least everyone knew that you couldn't catch it twice. So parents sometimes gave mild attacks of smallpox to their children deliberately.
Unfortunately, nobody knew for certain how to produce a 'mild' attack of smallpox.
Fortunately a British doctor called Edward Jenner became interested in finding a way to prevent smallpox. He had heard that girls who milked cows often caught a mild disease called cowpox. After they had caught cowpox they never seemed to catch smallpox.
Edward Jenner came up with a risky experiment that would
change medicine forever. You can read about this experiment
on p.2. This experiment allowed Jenner to develop the World’s
first vaccine but how does a vaccine work?
Your body has a natural defence against infection called the immune system. One
of the main parts of the immune system are white blood cells. White blood cells
make chemicals called antibodies that attach to a virus making it harmless.
Vaccination is when a person is given a weakened form of a virus. This fools the
body’s immune system into making antibodies against it. The immune system then
retains a ‘memory’ of the virus. If you are infected by the real, harmful version of the
virus then the immune system produces antibodies straight away to attack the
virus. The antibodies quickly render the virus harmless and you do not get sick.
How does Vaccination Work?
1What are the symptoms of smallpox?
______
______
2Approximately how many people in your class would still be alive if it was 1780?
______
3Why did parents deliberately give their children smallpox?
______
4Why is this not a good idea?
______
5Which disease did dairymaids catch?
______
6What did Jenner get from the dairymaid?
______
7What did Jenner do to James?
______
8What disease did James get?
______
9What disease did Jenner now try to give James?
______
10Would Jenner be allowed to do this nowadays? Explain
your answer.
______
______
11Jenner had discovered a safe way to protect people against smallpox.
What is this called?
______
12 Describe how a vaccine works.
13Name two diseases that you have been vaccinated against.
______
______
14 What name is given to the system that naturally fights off infection in our bodies?
______
1