Cohort studies
Agnoli et al.2011
(EPIC-Italy) / TS, 0-9 / ↑ vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereals, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio↔alcohol
↓ dairy, meat
Bellavia et al.2016
(Cohort of Swedish Men and Swedish Mammography cohort) / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables and fruits, legumes and nuts, non-refined/high fiber grains, fish, use of olive oil/rapeseed oil, fermented dairy products
↔alcohol
↓ red meat
Bertoia et al.2014
(Women Health Initiative) / TS modified, 0-40 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, whole grains, fish, percentage of fat from monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats
↔alcohol
↓ high-fat dairy, poultry, red and processed meat,
Buckland et al.2009
(EPIC-Spain) / TS, 0-18 / See above for TS components
Buckland et al.2011
(EPIC-Spain) / TS, 0-18 / See above for TS components
Chan et al. 2013 / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Dilis et al.2012
(EPIC-Greece) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Fung et al.20091 (Nurses’ Health Study) / TS modified, 0-9 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, legumes, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio
↔alcohol
↓ red and processed meat
Gardner et al.2011 (Northen Manhattan Study) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
George et al.2014 (Women Health Initiative) / TS modified, 0-9 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio ↔alcohol
↓ red and processed meat
Hoevenaar-Blom et al.2012 (EPIC-The Netherlands) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Knoops et al.2004
(Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly: a Concerted Action and Finland Italy Netherlands Elderly study) / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables and potatoes, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, grains, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio
↓ dairy products, meat and meat products
Martinez-Gonzalez et al.2011 (Seguimento University of Navarra) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Misirli et al.2012 (EPIC-Greece) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Panagiotakos et al.2015
(ATTICA study) / TS modified, 0-55 / ↑ vegetables, potatoes, fruits, legumes, non refined cereals, fish, olive oil
↔ alcohol
↓full fat dairy products, poultry, meat and meat products
Reedy et al.2014 (NIH-AARP Diet and Healthy Study) / TS modified, 0-9 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grain, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio ↔alcohol
↓ red and processed meat
Sjogren et al.2010 (The Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men) / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables and legumes, fruits, cereals and potatoes, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio
↔alcohol
↓ milk and milk products, meat and meat products
Sotos-Preieto et al.2015 (Health Professional Follow-up Study and Nurses’ Health Study) / TS modified, 0-9 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio ↔alcohol
↓ meat and processed meat
Tektonidis et al.2015 (Swedish Mammography Cohort) / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables and fruits, legumes and nuts, non-refined/high fiber grains, fish, use of olive oil/rapeseed oil, fermented dairy products,
↔alcohol
↓ red and processed meat
Tognon et al. 2012 (Vasterbotten Intervention Program) / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables and potatoes, fruits and juices, whole grain cereals, fish and fish products, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio
↔alcohol
↓ dairy products, meat and meat products
Tognon et al. 2014
(MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease -Danish) / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, cereal grains, fish and fish products, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio
↔alcohol
↓ dairy products, meat and meat products and eggs
Tong et al. 2016 (EPIC-Norfolk) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Trichopoulou et al. 1995 / TS modified, 0-8 / ↑ vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, cereals, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio ↔alcohol
↓ milk and dairy products, meat and meat products
Tsivgoulis et al. 2015
(REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Case-control studies
Georgousopoulou et al. 2014 (population-based) / TS modified, 0-55 / ↑ vegetables, potatoes, fruits, legumes, non refined cereals, fish, olive oil
↔alcohol
↓full-fat dairy products, poultry, meat and meat products
Martinez-Gonzalez et al. 2002 (hospital-based) / TS modified, 5-40 / ↑ vegetables, fruits, fiber, olive oil, fish
↔alcohol
↓ white bread rice and pasta, meat and meat products
Panagiotakos et al.2005 (population-based) / TS modified, 0-55 / ↑ vegetables, potatoes, fruits, pulses, nuts, non refined cereals and products, fish, olives, olive oil, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio, non fat or low fat dairy products, poultry,
↔ wine, fat
↓ sweets, red meat and meat products, eggs
Turati et al. 2014 (hospital based) / TS, 0-9 / See above for TS components
Yau et al. 2011
(hospital and population based) / TS modified, 0-20 / ↑ vegetables, potatoes, fruits, fruit juice and drinks, legumes/nuts/seeds, whole grain breads/rice and pasta, fish and sea food, olive oil, dairy products, poultry, eggs
↓ refined grain breads/rice/pasta, red meat, organ meat, pickled food, deep fried food, salty snacks, dessert and sweet snacks, carbonated beverages, pizza
Abbreviations: TS: Trichopoulou Score (2003) (1); ↑: high consumption; ↔: moderate consumption; ↓: low consumption
1The study was included only for stratified analyses