Name ______
Date ______Pd ______
1820-1860: Increasing Sectionalism and the Road to the Civil War
I. Sectionalism in the Antebellum Era—From 1800-1860, the North and South became vastly different regions
A. “______” had transformed the South into a rural region with ______, little manufacturing, and few railroads
B. The North had industrial ______, cities, paid immigrant workers, railroads, and larger ______
C. These regional differences increased sectionalism–placing the interests of a ______above the interests of the ______
II. 1820-1850: Sectionalism was mild and resolved by compromise
A. Missouri Compromise of 1820
1. The first major issue regarding slavery in the antebellum era focused on ______becoming a state in 1820:
a.Northerners and Southerners did not want to upset the equal ______of free and slave states in the ______
b.Northerners did not want slavery to spread beyond the “______”
c. Southerners did not think Congress had the ______to stop slavery
2. In 1820, ______negotiated the Missouri Compromise: Missouri became a slave state, ______broke from Massachusetts and became a free state, Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of ______
B. Nullification Crisis of 1832
1. In the 1830s, ______divided North and South
a. Southerners argued that tariffs benefited only the ______and made manufactured goods too ______
b. ______of SC attempted nullification and threatened ______
2. President Jackson fought this ______argument
C. The Nat Turner rebellion increased the barbarity of slavery in the South
1. In 1831, ______freed slaves on Virginia farms and killed ______whites
2.Southern whites responded by making ______more severe
D. Manifest Destiny and the Wilmot Proviso
1. ______was not annexed for 9 years because its would unbalance the number of free and slave states
2.The addition of the ______after the Mexican-American War gave Southerners hope that ______would spread to the Pacific Ocean
3.In 1846, Northern Congressmen tried to pass the ______:
a. This law would have outlawed all ______from the Mexican Cession
b.Rather than voting along party lines (Democrats and Whigs), Congressmen voting according to their ______
4. In 1848, the ______Party was formed to keep slavery from ______West
E. California and the Compromise of 1850
1.In 1850, ______asked to enter the Union as a free state:
a. Southerners did not want more free states and wanted slavery to be allowed in the ______territories
b. Northerners wanted to keep ______out of the SW and wanted other laws to protect ______who made it to freedom in the North
2. The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional dispute between North and South: California entered as a ______, The people of Utah and New Mexico could ______to allow or ban slavery (______), The slave ______ended in Washington DC, A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created that allowed Southerners to ______slaves in the North
F. From 1820 to 1850, sectionalism in America increased due to
1. Differences in ______and the use of slavery,Westward expansion and the entry of new states to the Union, Growing ______in the North
2. But, each time a dispute threatened the nation, a ______was reached
III. 1850-1856: The growth of abolitionism and westward expansion intensified the question of the “morality” of slavery
A. ______and many Northerners despised the Compromise of 1850:
1. The Fugitive Slave Law allowed runaway slaves (and sometimes ______) to be recaptured and enslaved
2. Northerners formed ______committees to protect runaways
3. Abolitionism grew in the North
a. ______formed the American Anti-Slavery Society and published The Liberator
b.Ex-slave Frederick Douglass published ______
c.The ______Sisters revealed that some Southerners opposed slavery
d.The Underground Railroad was a network of ______to help slaves escape to freedom
B. In 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe published ______
1. Depicted slavery as a ______and ______many in the North to join the abolitionist cause
2. Became the bestselling book of the 19th century
C. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
1.In 1854, Congress passed ______Kansas-Nebraska Act
a. The law used ______to give the residents of the territories the right to vote to determine slavery
b. To do this, Congress ______(ended) the Missouri Compromise line at 36º30’ in the western territories
2. Northerners were outraged by the ______Act:
a. Congress allowed ______to spread into an area where slavery was already ______
b.Northerners formed the ______Party in 1854 and became committed to the “free soil” movement
3. Popular sovereignty______to settle the slavery question in the West:
a. When a vote was held in Kansas in 1855 to decide on slavery, thousands of Missouri residents ______
b. This illegal vote gave Kansas______when its residents voted against it
c. In 1856, a ______began between KansasandMissouri (______)
D. From 1850 to 1856, sectionalism in America increased due to
1.The growth of ______due to the Fugitive Slave Law, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
2. The birth of ______(not national) political parties like the Republicans
3. Sectional tensions were becoming so bad that ______was not an option
IV. 1856-1860: The slave issue became “irreconcilable” and led to the Civil War
A. The election of 1856 was the first time in which political parties represented ______of the country, not the nation
1.______became the most important political issue in American politics
2. Even though the ______lost in 1856, they realized that they had enough electoral votes to win the presidency without ______support
B. Dred Scott v Sanford (1857)
1. In 1857, a slave named ______sued for his freedom after traveling with his master from Missouri to Wisconsin
2. The Dred Scott case presented the Supreme Court with 2 major questions: (a) Does Congress have the ______to decide on slavery in the territories? (b) Is the Missouri Compromise ______?
3.In Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), the Supreme Court ruled:
a.Dred Scott had no right to ______because blacks are not ______
b. Congress did not have the power to stop ______in western territories so the ______was ruled unconstitutional
C. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)
1.In 1858, Democrat Stephen Douglas ran against Republican Abraham Lincoln for the Illinois ______
2. Lincoln was ______at the time, but during the campaign he argued that Congress must stop the spread of slavery (free soil argument); ______“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this gov’t cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.” During their campaigns, Lincoln and Douglas ______several important issues, including slavery
3. Douglas argued for the ______at the Second Debate. It said that a territory had the right to ______slavery despite ______decisions
4. Lincoln lost the Senate election, but his argument against slavery made him a popular ______figure
D. John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (1859)
1.In 1859, abolitionist ______led an unsuccessful raid on a federal armory at Harper’s Ferry, VA in an attempt to free slaves in a massive slave ______
2. Brown and his men hacked up 5 pro slavery settlers in the ______Massacre
2. Brown was caught and executed, but he was seen as a ______by many in the North
3. Southerners believed Northerners were using to ______to end slavery
E. The Election of 1860 proved to be the final straw for the South:
1. Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln who argued for “______” and a strong national government
2. Democrats in the North and South were ______over the issue of slavery: (a) Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas who argued for popular sovereignty; (b) Southern Democrats nominated John Breckenridge who argued for ______and the protection of slavery
3. Lincoln ______the election without a single ______vote; Southerners assumed slavery would soon be abolished and began to discuss the possibility of ______(breaking away) from the USA
4. In December 1860, ______became the first state to secede from the Union; In 1861, more Southern states seceded and the ______between North and South began
F.From 1856 to 1860, sectionalism in America increased due to:
1. Slavery became the most important political issue of the time
2. Growing Southern ______that the North would end slavery (John Brown’s raid, election of Lincoln)
3. No ______could prevent a Civil War between the North and South