Unit 9: Classification
17.1 The Linnaean system of Classification
· Linnaeus developed the ______ system still used today.
- Taxonomy is the science of ______and ______organisms.
- ______is a group of organisms in a classification system.
- ______is a 2-part scientific naming system.
Ø Uses
Ø Scientific name is always written in
Ø Two parts are the ______and ______names
· A ______includes one or more ______ species.
- Species in the same genus are thought to be ______.
- Genus name is always ______.
· A ______name is the ______of a scientific name.
- always ______
- always follows ______name; never written alone
· Scientific names help scientists to communicate.
- Example: Scientific name: ______
Common name: Dog
· Linnaeus’ classification system has ______levels.
- Each level is included in the ______.
- Levels get increasingly ______from ______to ______.
To help you remember:
______=
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
· The Linnaean classification system has limitations
- Linnaeus taxonomy doesn’t account for ______.
- The ______didn’t exist during Linnaeus’ time.
- Linnaean system based only on ______.
- Physical similarities are not always the result of ______.
- ______more accurately show evolutionary relationship.
· Dichotomous Keys
- A dichotomous key is a series of ______that describe ______characteristics of different organisms.
- Each pair divides the objects to be classified into two ______characteristics.
- Organisms must fit into one category or the other.
17.2 Classification Based on Evolutionary Relationships
· ______ is classification based on ______.
- ______is the ______for a group of species.
- evidence from ______, fossil record, and ______
- shown with ______diagrams
- species placed in order that they descended from ______
- the more categories organisms share, the more ______they are (they will have more characteristics in common)
- if two species share many of the same taxonomic categories, this indicates they have a ______common ancestor
· A ______is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics.
- A ______is a group of species that shares a ______.
- Each species in a clade shares some ______with the ancestor.
- Each species in a clade has traits that have ______.
· ______ are traits shared in different degrees by clade members.
- basis of arranging species in ______
- ______species share more derived characters
- represented on cladogram as ______
- ______represent the most recent common ancestor of a clade.
- Clades can be identified by snipping ______.
· Molecular evidence reveals species’ ______.
- Molecular data may confirm classification based on ______.
- Molecular data may lead scientists to propose a ______.
- ______is usually given the last word by scientists.
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• The ______shows our most current understanding.
• New discoveries can lead to changes in ______.
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms, ______and ______(by Aristotle)
– 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom ______
– 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom ______
– 1959: ______moved to own kingdom
– 1977: kingdom ______split into kingdoms ______and ______
· The most recent classification system divides life into ______, which include ______.
Classification – 6 Kingdoms
** In 6-kingdom classification, Kingdom ______is divided up into ______(“true bacteria”) and ______(“ancient bacteria”).
Characteristics / Monera / Protista / Fungi / Plantae / AnimaliaCell Type
Cell Structure
Body Type
Nutrition
Example / bacteria / Algae,
Amoeba,
Slime molds / Mushroom,
Bread mold / Trees,
flowering
plants / Human,
Dog, insect