13 colonies study guide
Reasons for Colonization:
- to get rich
- religious freedom
- overpopulation in Europe
- new opportunities
- free land
- rise of the middle class
Jamestown – 1607
- Virginia Company is a joint stock company
- They did not plan well and starved “Starving time”
- John Smith organized the colony and was saved by Pocahontas
- John Rolfe married Pocahontas and delivered tobacco to the colony
- The first slaves arrived in 1619
- Bacon’s Rebellion – major event to lead to moving away from indentured servants to slavery
- The representative government established there was the House of Burgesses
- The relationship with the natives was good and bad
Plymouth – 1620
- Pilgrims are also called Separatists – wanted to practice their religion freely
- Were supposed to go to Jamestown but ended in Massachusetts
- They wrote the Mayflower Compact and created the first self-government
- Squanto helped them out with farming and relations with the natives
- William Bradford “the guy that goes hmm” was their leader
Puritans
- Continued to colonize in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
- John Winthrop wanted to create a “city on a hill”
- They had a theocracy – government and religion connected
- They had town meetings
- Were very strict and believed in hard work
- Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, and Thomas Hooker were kicked out
- Roger Williams started Rhode Island
- Thomas Hooker started Connecticut – wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- Salem Witch Trials took place here
New Netherland: now New York
- Settled by the Dutch – as a trading colony – traded fur
- Patroon system – if people could bring over 50 people, they got large tracts of land
- Peter Stuyvesant was the last governor
- British took over the land without firing a shot
- Diverse population due to trade
Pennsylvania
- Started by William Penn for the Quakers, also known as the “society of Friends”
- Beliefs: Social Equality, religious tolerance, non-violence, shook in church, no vows, had good relationships with the Natives
Georgia:
- Established by James Oglethorpe in 1732.
- The king wanted the colony to be a buffer in between the rest of the colonies and Spanish Florida
- Oglethorpe settled it with debtors in Europe, outlawed slavery
- King took colony away and established large plantations with slaves
French:
- Colonized in the North in Canada – Quebec.
- Established strong relationships with Natives and had a solid fur trade
- French colonists in the south were called Huguenots and came for political and religious refuge
Know the geographic location of each colony
Economy:
- Northern colonies were more devoted to small farms and industries such as ship building, whaling, and fishing,
- Middle colonies had farms for staple crops like grains, wheat, and barley
- Southern colonies had large plantations for cash crops like tobacco and rice (we aren’t to cotton yet)
First Great Awakening – a spiritual revival movement that swept thru t he colonies in the 1730’s thru 1750’s. Jonathan Edwards was a big leader. They wanted to revive people’s spiritual side. It made way for more social equality. It also united the Colonies into one unit instead of 13 individual groups.
Day to Day life – think about what each group did – men, women, children, slaves, indentured servants
Government – the difference between self-government and representative government
Key documents: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses,
Slavery in the colonies:
- Slaves traveled from Africa on the Middle Passage
- They used slaves because they were immune to European diseases
- They were used for hard manual labor on the farms
- In the north they were used as more skilled labor
Vocabulary:
Bacon’s Rebellion
Starving Time
Indentured Servant
Joint- stock company
Theocracy
Town meeting
Mayflower Compact
Separatist
House of Burgesses
Surplus
Middle Passage
Quakers
Huguenot
Patroon system
Headright system
Debtor