Module 1The Dynamics of Change
10.1 Physical Geography: Shorter Term and Local Change
N.B. This section of the module is to be studied in relation to drainage basins in the British Isles
Specification Content / Detailed Content / Activities/Skills / ResourcesAnticyclonic weather conditions / General characteristics of an / Warburtons Ch 9
in winter and summer. / anticyclone:
•high pressure/sinking air;
•character depends on airmass (cP,mT,cT air);
•wind speed and direction;
•Scale and speed of movement.
Summer: drought, heatwave.
Winter:low temperature, ‘gloom’,
snow (E. coast). / Measurement of physical characteristics in a physical environment (weather / Waugh
observation, recording). ICT -
Atmospheric, geomorphological and human processes affecting drainage basin hydrology. / General characteristics of a mature depression: / CD Rom, Internet. Reading weather maps: symbols; isobars; etc. / Warburton Ch 9, Ch 7 weather recorder
Weather changes associated with the passage of a depression.
Only examining on fronts but whole depression in DME? / •low pressure/rising air;
•warm and cold air masses/ sectors;
•fronts/cloud types/rain; / Waugh Ch 9
•wind speed and direction;
•scale and speed of movement.
Features of a drainage basin system: / •Definitions of each feature. / •Measurement of the physical characteristics in / Bishop Prosser, Ch 2
Collard
Waugh, Ch 3
• base flow;
•interception;*
•infiltration
•throughflow; *
•run off / •Interrelationships within the drainage basin model:
inputs and outputs;
stores and flows. / a physical environment.
•Infiltration rates, etc.. / UPDATE: Managing River environments Geraldene Wharton
* see sample mark scheme for AQA definition / Variation within drainage basins:
•soil and rock type;
•vegetation cover/type;
•seasonal change;
•intensity of rainfall/precipitation type (link to depressions, etc.);
•antecedent precipitation.
Specification Content / Detailed Content / Activities/Skills / Resources
The storm hydrograph
The effects of human activity on the storm hydrograph. / •Concept of discharge.
•Character of the storm hydrograph: “flashy”/subdued.
•Terminology, e.g., rising and falling limbs, peak discharge, lag time.
Effects to include both:
•urban: tarmac, buildings, storm drains “flashy” response;
•rural: farming, river management (dams), deforestation/ afforestation- varied response. / •Use of published statistical data:
river basin data.
•Presentation of evidence:
storm hydrograph:
composite line/bar graph. / River Ribble devt plan
Geomorphological variations withindrainage basins:
•erosion, transport and deposition;
•how these are related to changes in discharge;
•channel morphology;
•variations in valley long profiles and valley cross profiles of a river, / •Types of erosion — abrasion, hydraulic action, solution (corrosion), attrition.
•Methods of transport/concept of load (capacity and competence) suspended, dissolved, bed load.
•Deposition occurs due to decrease in velocity and/or discharge or increase in loads.
How these are related shown by Hjulström curve and its interpretation,
•Measurements of channel shape:
wetted perimeter; hydraulic radius; changes in width: depth ratio. How this influences the efficiency of the channel. Variation with discharge (e.g. floods).
•Contrast between straight, symmetrical channel and meandering, asymmetrical channel — links to velocity/erosion/ deposition.
•Gradient changes in a valley long profile (waterfalls, lakes, rapids, rejuvenation); link to changes in velocity/ discharge.
Upper, middle and lower course landforms. Development of flood plain and its features, e.g., oxbow lakes, levees. / Primary source collection and use: fieldwork:
•measurement of physical characteristics in a physical environment;
•morphological mapping.
Secondary source utilisation:
•published data on channel morphology, etc.;
•Ordnance Survey map extracts (variety of scales);
•photographs (and their interpretation);
•satellite imagery.
Key Skill: Number: Task 1 Organisation and presentation of evidence:
•long and cross section (valley);
•sketch maps;
• fieldsketch/
annotation. / Fieldwork on Ribble
Secondary data on ribble for long profile. Primary data for cross section etc.
Module 1The Dynamics of Change
10.2 People and the Environment — Population and Resources
Specification Content / Detailed Content / Activities/Skills / ResourcesEnvironmental and social / Definitions of: / Materials on
Malthus
Boserup
Marxist population analysis.
Club of Rome.
Pop growth –
Demographic Transition
Pop limitation – India-China-Thailand-Italy.
UN Policies on health in LEDCs.
Resource growth
Agriculture – Green Revolution
Genetic Modification
Sustainability
Case Study - Mauritius
issues resulting from the / over population;
balance between population / under population;
and the use of resources in / optimum population.
countries in various states of
development.
Population and resource issues in MEDCs and LEDCs: / •Secondary source utilisation: texts, published statistical data.
• over-population and under- / Use of case studies to illustrate the
population related to / relationship between population,
resource availability; / resources and technology, e.g., China, Chad over-population;
•the concept of optimum population related to resource availability; / Canada, Sweden - under-population.
Link to the concept of sustainable development.
•birth rates, fertility, death / Data source and limitations. / Evidence limitation.
rates, infant mortality and / Definitions. Use of examples from / Scatter diagrams (including trend lines).
longevity; / LEDCs and MEDCs to illustrate factors which affect these rates, e.g., level of development, policy factors, etc., dependent on case study chosen, / Spearman rank. Bar graphs. Secondary source utilisation:
published statistical data.
Key Skill: IT: Task 2
.
•optimistic and pessimistic approaches to population and resources; / Theoretical outline and present day evidence to support the approaches of e.g. Neo Malthusians and Boserup. The concept of sustainable development. / Secondary source utilisation:
published statistical data.
•different attempts made by countries to manage the balance between / Use of a case study to look at technological, social and environmental solutions including / Secondary source utilisation:
texts.
population and resources. / sustainability. An assessment of the success of the programmes.
Video pack plus photocopiable material
Bradford & Kent
Nepal C-St
Sweden C-St
California and India
Environmental and social issues
arising from the use of energy
resources in countries in various
states of development.
Energy resource issues in
MEDCs and LEDCs:
•the differences between renewable and non- renewable resources; / Definitions and examples of a case study from an LEDC and an MEDC illustrating and explaining the different proportions of renewable and non-renewable resources used for energy production. / Proportional divided circles. Triangular graphs. Secondary source utilisation:text.
Specification Content / Detailed Content / Skills / Resources
•the study of two different / One case study for each system / Biomass
energy systems (one / including reasons for location,
renewable and one non- renewable resource); / method of production, advantages and disadvantages
.
•the issues associated with
the harnessing of energy:
•acid deposition; the emission of “greenhouse gases”; deforestation in LEDCs; / Origin/cause, geographical
.location, effects, prevention and management of the issue. The concept of sustainability. / Map andphotograph
.interpretation. / Types of waste.
. / Disposal.
•the hazard of nuclear waste and its management. / As above, for nuclear waste. / Secondary source utilisation: texts, published statistical data. / Nirex – Yucon (US) Drigg
This module provides the opportunity for fieldwork investigation and aspects of Section 26 of the specification.
Module 1The Dynamics of Change
10.3 Human Geography: Changes in the UK in the last 30 Years
Specification Content / Detailed Content/Lesson Focus / Skills / ResourcesThe changing sectoral and / Sectoral change sheet.
spatial organisation of
business
The reasons for and effects / Raw Text
of the following changes / p10 patterns -
p12 deindustrialisation
- manufacturing change and its geographical areas of decline and growth;
Pie charts. / reindustrialisation
p40 data on regional specialization data –Lorenz curves
-Overall % change, breakdown according / Lorenz curves. / Iron-Steel case study S Wales.
to sector. / High Tec Inds M4/M11
-Case study for one located area of decline and one located area of growth. / Deindustrialisation + Reindustrialisation
Ch 12 B & K
•the growth of the service sector and the geographical areas in which it is growing; / -Definition of service sector. / As above. / Mapping exercise
outline of N-S differences
-Overall % change and reasons for growth. / Q10 Data Stimulus
-National geographical pattern and explanation.
-Case study of one located area of growth.
•gender differences in employment; / -Trends in male/female employment e.g. numbers and types of employment.
-Reasons for those trends. / As above. / Segmented labour market
p257-261 B & K Coventry case study.
•other changes in / As above.
employment (e.g.,
homeworking, part-time
employment, self employment); / Manufacturing Industry (Raw) p92, 100
• overseas investment and its effects upon the economy and / Definitions of inward overseas investment, / Secondary source utilisation: / Geog. Review – Workers of the World, March 99
employment, both nationally and regionally, / Type of investment and geographical location. / texts, published statistical data.
Case study of one overseas / Toyota eg.
investment and it’s effects at
local and national level,
e.g., Nissan, Toyota, Fujitsu, etc..
Specification Content / Detailed Content / Skills / Resources
Changes in the social and demographic environments within urban areas:
•age structures and housing compositions as given in census data; / -
-
- / For one named urban area extract census data regarding age structure and housing composition.
Describe the patterns. Discuss the limitation of census data. / Census used for:
primary source collection; choropleth maps. Evidence limitation. / Coventry data
Urban Development and Change
Birmingham data on Housing Type and
- * socio-economic status
• their effects upon the size, type and location of housing developments; / -
- / For the urban area being studied, look at the geographical pattern of housing developments according to size, type and location.
Links between structure and housing composition, e.g. provision for elderly. / Secondary source utilisation:
Ordnance Survey map extracts; photographs. /
- age of buildings
- socio-econ groups
- ethnic areas
- medical care
- employment
Deprivation and health in Sheffield Geog Review Nov 99
•geographical segregation of social groups in urban areas based upon wealth, age and ethnicity. / -
-
- / Using census data, identify areas of relative poverty and wealth in the urban area studied.
Relate areas of wealth/poverty to age and ethnicity.
Identify changes, which lead to movement from areas of low income to high income, and vice versa. / Sketch maps. / Geographic and ethnic segregation sheet.
Housing mkt. Red Line areas of B’ham.
- / Summarise segregation in urban areas, linking the three factors.
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