US History

Fort Burrows

Review Chapter 7

1. Who were the leading delegates to the Constitutional Convention ?

Washington and Hamilton

2. List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation…

a. no President (executive branch) to carry out laws

b. no court system (judicial branch) to settle disputes between states

c. money problems/debt/printing currency

d. foreign nations took advantage

3. Complete the Provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

a. Congress will appoint a resident governor, a secretary, and three judges to rule the territory.

b. When the territory has 5,000 free adult males, it may elect a legislature and send a nonvoting delegate to Congress

c. When the territory has a total free population of 60,000, it may write a constitution and submit it to Congress for approval.

d. the territory may be admitted as a state

4. The writers of the Constitution got the idea of natural human rights from which country’s traditions ?

the English traditions

Slaves should count
when determining
a state’s population
and its number of
representatives /  Slavery  / Slaves should count
in deciding a state’s
share of federal taxes

5. How did the delegates to the Constitutional Convention settle the issue described above ?

Three-Fifths Compromise

6. How many states had to ratify the Constitution before it could become law ?

9 of 13

7. List the key issue during the process of ratifying the Constitution.

the Bill of Rights

8. This list below summarizes some limitations of the national government under which plan?

  • No executive branch
  • No levying of taxes
  • No regulation of trade
  • No national court system

Articles of Confederation - AOC

9. What two exampleswere learned by the Founding Fathers from the Roman Republic ?

a. the value of public service

b. independence

Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence

King George III has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent (approval) to laws for establishing judiciary powers.

10. What was included in the U.S. Constitution in order to deal with the grievance expressed above ?

the establishment of a Supreme Court

11. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail ?

gov’tdid not have the power to solvethe economic crisis and nation’s depression

12. Which group demanded the Constitution spell out ways to protect people’s basic rights ?

Antifederalists

13. What idea did the writers of the Constitution borrow from the Romans?

devotion to their republic

14. In 1787, James Madison and other Federalists supported a written plan for a new government. What did this plan call for ?

a stronger national government

15. Which British document gave the idea for an American bill of rights ?

Magna Carta

16. What werethe two main reasons that individual states wrote constitutions ?

a. to spell out the rights of citizens

b. set limits on government powers

17. Why did Antifederalists object to the Constitution ?

gave too much power to the national government

18. Which group argued that a strong national government could be effective and protect states’ rights ?

Federalists

“ A Bill of Rights was needed to protect such basic liberties as freedom of speech and religion”

19. Which convention leader would most likely agree with the statement above ?

George Mason

Congress

House of Representatives Senate

•Number of representatives•Two members from each state

based on state population

20. The diagram above shows the compromise that helped guarantee the ratification of the U.S. Constitution by –

providing a plan for representation of both large and small states

21. How did the Bill of Rights becomepart of the Constitution?

it was added through an amendment process

22. Which Enlightenment writer expressed the idea that the relationship between government and the people it governs is a social contract ? John Locke

23. What was the main reason Antifederalist, Patrick Henry, opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution ?

it did not guarantee individual rights

24. List 3 issues that the writers had to compromise on in the Constitution.

a. the way in which slaves in southern states would be counted

b. the number of legislative representatives for each state

c. the addition of a Bill of Rights

25. List the parts of the Great Compromise that were agreed upon at the Constitutional Convention.

a. 3 branches

b. Lower house; HOR; seats would be awarded based on population

c. Upper house; Senate; 2 Senators for each state

26. Describe the Land Ordinance of 1785.

a. territory would be divided into townships

b. each township would be divided into 36 sections of 1 square mile each

c. Congress planned to sell sections to the settlers for $640

d. one section in every township was set aside to support public schools

27. Under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, new states admitted to the Union were considered…

equal to the existing 13 states

28. As a result of Shays’ Rebellion, Americans main goal for calling the Constitutional Convention was to…

revise the Articles of Confederation (AOC)

29. What did Ben Franklin and James Madison have in common ?

both were delegates to the Constitutional Convention

30. List the 2 basic ideas of the 1215 Magna Carta document.

a. people have certain guaranteed rights

b. the monarchs must obey the laws

31. Which Enlightenment writer thought government powers should be clearly defined and divided?

Baron de Montesquieu

“ So long as any individual state has the power to defeat the measures of the other twelve, our pretended union is but a name…..” Noah Webster, New England schoolteacher

32. Describe Noah Webster’s position/beliefswhen he said the above quotation.

individual states have too much power to form a true union

33. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could…

a. appoint military officers/raise army

b. declare war

c. be responsible for foreign affairs/sign treaties

d. coin money

34. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress couldNOT…

a. tax the states to raise money

b. regulate trade between states and foreign countries

c. pass laws if not approved by 9 states

36. Define Federalism - written powers not specifically given to the federal gov’t are available to the States

37. Describethe Point-of-View theauthorsofTheFederalistPapersmostagree?

having astrongercentralgovernmentwill makethecountrymorestableandprosperous

38. What two ways does the Constitution describesproposeanamendment ?

1. two-thirds ofbothcongressionalhousesvotein favorofproposingtheamendment

2. three-fourthsofstatelegislatures vote in favorofproposingtheamendment

39. Why was theNorthwestOrdinanceis consideredahistorical milestone?

establishedamethodforadmitting newstatestotheUnion

40. Know the Bill of Rights (1st Ten Amendments)

Amendment 1 –

Freedom of religion

Freedom of speech

Freedom of the press

Freedom of protest peacefully

Freedom of petition

Amendment 2 – right to bear arms

Amendment 3 – quartering soldiers

Amendment 4 – security from unreasonable search and seizures

Amendment 5 – due process of law

Amendment 6 – right to a free trial

Amendment 7 – trial by jury

Amendment 8 – fair bail and punishments

Amendment 9 – rights retained by the people

Amendment 10 – powers reserved to states and people

1 of Chapter 7 Review w/ Answers