1. What Two Tissues Are Found Within a Vein?______
Name: ______Class: ______Date: ______
LEAF ANATOMY
The leaf is the primary photosynthetic organ of the plant. It consists of a flattened portion, called the blade, that is attached to the plant by a structure called the petiole. Sometimes leaves are divided into two or more sections called leaflets. Leaves with a single undivided blade are called simple, those with two or more leaflets are called compound.
The outer surface of the leaf has a thin waxy covering called the cuticle (A), this layer's primary function is to prevent water loss within the leaf. (Plants that leave entirely within water do not have a cuticle). Directly underneath the cuticle is a layer of cells called the epidermis (B). The vascular tissue, xylem and phloem are found within the veins of the leaf. Veins are actually extensions that run from to tips of the roots all the way up to the edges of the leaves. The outer layer of the vein is made of cells called bundle sheath cells (E), and they create a circle around the xylem and the phloem. On the picture, xylem is the upper layer of cells (G) and is shaded a little lighter than the lower layer of cells - phloem (H). Recall that xylem transports water and phloem transports sugar (food).
Within the leaf, there is a layer of cells called the mesophyll. The word mesophyll is greek and means "middle" (meso) "leaf" (phyllon). Mesophyll can then be divided into two layers, the palisade layer (D) and the spongy layer (F). Palisade cells are more column-like, and lie just under the epidermis, the spongy cells are more loosely packed and lie between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis. The air spaces between the spongy cells allow for gas exchange. Mesophyll cells (both palisade and spongy) are packed with chloroplasts, and this is where photosynthesis actually occurs.
Epidermis also lines the lower area of the leaf (as does the cuticle). The leaf also has tiny holes within the epidermis called stomata. Specialized cells, called guard cells (C) surround the stomata and are shaped like two cupped hands. Changes within water pressure cause the stoma (singular of stomata) to open or close. If the guard cells are full of water, they swell up and bend away from each other which opens the stoma. During dry times, the guard cells close. Color the structures underlined above. Make sure that the entire picture is colored and that the color matches the words. For simplicity only part of the picture is labeled.
Questions:
1. What two tissues are found within a vein?______
2. What does the word "mesophyll" mean?______
3. What two layers of the plant contain chloroplasts?______
4. The outermost layer of cells: ______
5. The waxy covering of the leaf.: ______
6. These cells function to open and close stomata. ______
7. Outer layer of the vein: ______
8. Column like cells that lie just under the epidermis. ______
9. Openings that allow for gas exchange. ______
10. The stalk that connects the leaf to the stem. ______
Coloring Legend:
Name: ______Class: ______Date: ______
Cuticle (light blue)
Epidermis (yellow)
Guard cells (pink)
Palisade Mesophyll (dark green)
Phloem (purple)
Xylem (orange)
Spongy Mesophyll (light green)
Bundle Sheath(dark blue)
Name: ______Class: ______Date: ______
1. All of the following are general functions in the life of a plant except…
A. photosynthesis
B. food manufacture
C. respiration
D. binary fission
2. What does the green coloring of chloroplasts enable them to do?
A. trap the sun’s energy and use it to manufacture food
B. trap the sun’s energy and use it for cellular respiration
C. trap the sun’s energy and use it for binary fission
D. trap the sun’s energy and use it for transpiration
3. How does the presence of large internal surfaces created by the air spaces help the “working layers” perform their functions?
A. the increased surface area allows more absorption of oxygen and less elimination of water.
B. the increased surface area allows more absorption of carbon dioxide and more oxygen and water to be eliminated.
C. the increased surface area allows more absorption of water and carbon dioxide and more elimination of oxygen and carbon monoxide.
D. the increased surface area allows more absorption of oxygen and more elimination of water.
4. How do the cell walls of epidermal cells compare with those of palisade cells?
A. epidermal cell walls are thicker than palisade cell walls to prevent water loss
B. epidermal cell walls are thinner than palisade cell walls for gas exchange
C. there is no difference in the cell walls between epidermal cells and palisade cells
D. palisade cell walls are thicker to prevent gas exchange and epidermal are thinner to allow water loss.
5. The layers of chlorophyll are arranged like plates in a car battery. Both are built to handle small particles of electricity called…
A. electrons
B. neutrons
C. protons
D. quarks
6. Epidermal cells have a waxy waterproof material called?
A. cellulose
B. glucose
C. cutin
D. chitin
7. Stomates regulate the movement of which of the following molecules?
A. water, oxygen, nitrogen
B. carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen
C. water, oxygen, carbon dioxide
D. nitrogen, oxygen, water
8. How do stomates regulate water loss?
A. stomates open and conserve water during times of rain.
B. stomates close and conserve water during times of rain.
C. stomates open and conserve water during drought.
D. stomates close and conserve water during drought.
9. What does xylem carry to the leaf?
A. sugar and minerals
B. water and minerals
C. water and sugar
D. sugar and carbon dioxide
10. What does phloem carry from the leaf?
A. sugar
B. water
C. carbon dioxide
D. water