Chapter 16
Student: ______
1. What is the function of restriction enzymes that naturally occur in bacterial cells?
A. They are used during DNA replication in the bacterial cell.
B. They are used to degrade the bacterial cell's DNA.
C. Restriction enzymes are intended to destroy foreign DNA that enters the cell.
D. These enzymes are used to attach pieces of DNA together.
2. Which of the following is mismatched?
A. bioinformatics – the study of a genome using computer analysis
B. polymerase chain reaction – process that separates DNA fragments accordingto size
C. genomics – the study of genes of humans and other organisms
D. proteomics – the study of proteins of the cell.
3. Place the following steps in correct order:
1 - use vector to deliver new rDNA to bacterial or other cells
2 - use restriction enzymes to cut a plasmid and add the desired gene
3 - isolate and cut out a desired gene using restriction enzymes
4 - use DNA ligase to seal the new gene
5- -allow bacterial cells to replicate and produce desired product.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
C. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4
D. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
4. What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?
A. cut DNA into many fragments
B. carry DNA into a new cell
C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA
D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
5. The term "ligase" adds the suffix "-ase" to the Latin root word for
A. gene.
B. bind.
C. cut.
D. work.
E. copy-producing.
6. Which of the following molecules forms lengths of DNA with "sticky ends"?
A. DNA ligase
B. DNA polymerase
C. RNA polymerase
D. reverse transcriptase
E. restriction enzyme
7. What is the function of a restriction enzyme in recombinant technology?
A. cut DNA into many fragments
B. carry DNA into a new cell
C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA
D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
8. What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology?
A. cut DNA into many fragments
B. carry DNA into a new cell
C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA
D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
9. What is complementary DNA (cDNA)?
A. the strand of DNA opposite the strand used to make mRNA
B. a sequence of DNA as it is found in the genome
C. any sequence of cloned DNA
D. DNA made from a mature mRNA template
E. DNA made through the polymerase chain reaction
10. When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product–as in the case of insulin–the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. Therefore,
A. if the sequence is known, very small human genes can be built with a DNA synthesizer in a laboratory and they will lack introns.
B. reverse transcriptase can be used to make DNA "backwards" from human mature mRNA and this would lack introns.
C. reverse transcriptase can be used along with a DNA synthesizer to construct a piece of DNA lacking introns.
D. only human mitochondrial DNA can be used because it was originally of bacterial origin.
E. it is impossible to use bacteria to express human gene products because all human genes have introns.
11. What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering?
A. cut DNA into many fragments
B. carry DNA into a new cell
C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA
D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
12. All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT
A. they are made by bacteria and viruses.
B. hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified.
C. they produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join together two different DNA strands.
D. each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence.
13. For "DNA fingerprinting" to associate a blood sample with the criminal, or estimate the evolutionary similarity of an extinct quagga as closer to a zebra than a horse, what is minimally required?
A. one sample of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis
B. one sample of DNA, restriction enzymes, a DNA synthesizer, and gel electrophoresis
C. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis
D. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, a DNA synthesizer, and gel electrophoresis
E. two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and a DNA synthesizer
14. To carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), you must have the catalytic DNA polymerase and
A. a blueprint or gene map of the sequence you wish to copy.
B. the nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands
C. a DNA synthesizer machine.
D. a DNA probe.
15. Which best describes a transgenic organism?
A. one that acts as the donor for DNA to be moved into another organism
B. one produced by cloning a mutant cell
C. one that contains a foreign gene and is free-living in the environment
D. one produced by the polymerase chain reaction
E. any genetically modified organism resulting from laboratory research
16. Plants are expected to be genetically engineered to have
A. a requirement for more fertilizer.
B. an increased water requirement.
C. the ability to produce human proteins.
D. increased susceptibility to herbicides.
E. All of the choices are correct.
17. Which of these methods of transferring DNA is useful in bacteria and plants, but not in animals?
A. virus infection
B. bacteriophage infection
C. plasmid transfer
D. microinjection of DNA
E. laser irradiation of cells in a fluid containing DNA
18. A human product that is being made in genetically engineered microorganisms includes
A. human growth hormone.
B. insulin.
C. tissue plasminogen activator.
D. clotting factor VIII.
E. All of the choices are correct.
19. Which is NOT one of the new uses of biotechnology?
A. making beer and wine
B. cleaning up oil spills
C. protein drug production in amimal milk
D. production of aspartame
E. keeping plants from freezing
20. What is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?
A. cut DNA into many fragments
B. carry DNA into a new cell
C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA
D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
21. With both bacterial and eukaryotic cells constantly dying and breaking down around us, and with a tremendous load of fragmentary DNA washing around in the fluid world, why aren't genes being transferred among various living organisms at a massive scale daily?
A. DNA that is not protected inside a protein coat or membrane is very vulnerable.
B. Living cells maintain a very effective barrier to the introduction of large molecules.
C. Since a vector appears necessary to snatch up DNA from one protected source and inject it into a cell, "naked" DNA is apparently vulnerable and unable to cross membranes easily.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. None of the choices since DNA is readily exchanged among all organisms in nature.
22. Gene therapy in humans involves all EXCEPT
A. insertion of the gene for bovine growth hormone.
B. alteration of bone marrow stem cells with the normal gene for the enzyme involved in the maturation of T and B cells.
C. alteration of bone marrow stem cells to allow synthesis of the product in all kinds of blood cells.
D. use of reverse transcriptase to move recombinant RNA into the chromosome as recombinant DNA.
E. ex vivo and in vivo methods.
23. Ex vivo methods of removing human cells, treating them by "gene therapy" and returning them to a patient as stem cells that generate healthy products is dependent on ___ to get the missing DNA into the human cells.
A. plasmids
B. retroviruses
C. spinning with carbide needles
D. electric current to generate self-healing holes
E. microsurgery
24. When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the blood and infected with a retrovirus that carries a normal gene, this is an example of
A. PCR.
B. chemotherapy.
C. viral disinfection.
D. in vivo gene therapy.
E. ex vivo gene therapy.
25. Transgenic plant products do not include
A. soybeans that are resistant to a common herbicide.
B. an antibody produced by soybeans to treat genital herpes.
C. suicide genes that cause the plants to self destruct after their product has been produced.
D. corn and cotton plants that are both pest and herbicide resistant.
26. All of the following are true regarding transgenic animals EXCEPT
A. foreign genes are micro-injected into eggs, fertilized in vitro and then the zygotes are placed in host females to develop.
B. the process has inserted bovine growth hormone into fish, cows, and other animals.
C. female offspring of in vitro produced transgenic animals are genetically weak, subject to immune diseases, and die after a brief life.
D. the product desired by the transgenic procedure is secreted in the milk of female offspring.
27. Of the following, which is NOT a possible cure as the result of the human genome project?
A. more medicines to keep humans healthy
B. a longer life span
C. shaping the genotype of our children
D. a gene chip to effectively and efficiently present an individual's phenotype to a physician
28. Human gene therapy
A. includes the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disease.
B. has been used for treatment of children who have severe combined immunodeficiency.
C. has been used in a trial to treat familial hypercholeterolemia.
D. All of the choices are correct.
29. Researchers are looking into using the p53 gene to bring about apotosis in cancer
cells.
True False
30. DNA fingerprinting was developed after the year 2000.
True False
31. Biotechnology is a completely new process that has only been developed within the last decade.
True False
32. One use of transgenic bacteria is to produce a toxin that kills insects that eat the plant containing the toxin.
True False
33. Because of the use of the polymerase chain reaction, linkage data may be gathered from the sperm cells of one man rather than from the blood of many members of that man's family.
True False
34. Unlike bacteria, yeast which are eukaryotic cells have the capability of transcribing and translating mammalian genomic DNA directly.
True False
35. A transgenic plant is more difficult to produce than a transgenic animal, because the plant must be injected with DNA.
True False
36. Biologically engineered plants are currently being produced in corn, soybeans, and cotton.
True False
37. Some foreign gene products may be expressed in the milk of transgenic animals.
True False
38. Transgenic animals can be produced by microinjection of foreign DNA into the unfertilized egg.
True False
39. Completing a map of the human genome will automatically and immediately end our problems with all genetic human diseases.
True False
40. The production of gene clones can be accomplished by recombinant DNA technology and polymerase chain reactions.
True False
41. Automated polymerase chain reactions were made possible when the temperature insensitive DNA polymerase was isolated from the thermophile Thermus aquaticus.
True False
42. What is a vector and why is it needed in gene transfer?
43. Why is it important to use cDNA in making recombinant DNA from a mammal to be expressed in a bacterial culture?
44. What are some of the methods used for genetic engineering of plants?
45. What methods are used for transfer of genetic material to animal cells?
46. What is a DNA fingerprint and how is it obtained and used?
47. In sickle cell anemia, just one simple error is a simple and direct cause of a serious disease. And severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome is due to lack of one enzyme; it may be cured using gene therapy. However, not all inherited traits are simple structures or enzymes. For instance, birds inherit a primitive song pattern and bees are genetically "wired" for rather complex hive-building. Can a map of the human genome explain or predict these traits any more than understanding a brick predicts a building? Again, examine the informal goal of the Human Genome Project and describe what limitations may exist to using the Human Gene Map for explaining all emerging genetic phenomena. "The Human Genome Project aims to know the sequence of bases of all the chromosomes and to know how this sequence relates to a complete map of each chromosome."
48. What are the advantages to ex vivo and in vivo techniques for gene therapy?
49. Describe the use of retroviruses with the use of adenoviruses in the use of gene therapy.
Chapter 16 KEY
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. E
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. C
18. E
19. A
20. E
21. D
22. A
23. B
24. E
25. C
26. C
27. D
28. D
29. TRUE
30. FALSE
31. FALSE
32. TRUE
33. TRUE
34. TRUE
35. FALSE
36. TRUE
37. TRUE
38. TRUE
39. FALSE
40. TRUE
41. TRUE
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