China Journal
Volume 70, Issue 2, Jul 2013
1. Title:Intellectuals and Alternative Socialist Paths in the Early Mao Years
Authors:U., Eddy.
Abstract:The Rectification Campaign of 1957 prompted a vibrant debate about Chinese socialism. This debate contained three analytically distinct perspectives on the intellectual, each corresponding to a specific vision of socialist development. The "legislator" perspective, championed by college students, demanded for intellectuals the right to help to define socialism. Leading intellectuals sponsored the "reformer" view, which argued that intellectuals were vital to improving governance under the Chinese Communist Party. The state's "red-and-expert" ideal demanded intellectuals' devotion to the working class and the acceleration of professional training for members of the working class. These perspectives promoted, respectively, a modernist, a traditionalist and a borderline Gramscian path of development--none of which was embraced by the Mao regime or post-Mao leaderships. Recovering these visions enriches our understanding of Chinese socialism; they offer powerful contrasts to extremes of both a subsequent Maoism and the current widening inequalities, official corruption and abuses.
2. Title:Grieving at Chongqing's Red Guard Graveyard: In the Name of Life Itself
Authors:Zhang, Everett Y.
Abstract:This article presents a historical and ethnographic account of the event of mourning at the Graveyard for the Red Guards in Chongqing. Built in the Cultural Revolution to glorify about 450 Red Guards as "revolutionary martyrs", this graveyard testifies to the tragic nature of their deaths, which resulted from fighting between two factions for their shared goal of "defending Chairman Mao". The post-Mao reform negated the Cultural Revolution. In a way, their deaths and mourning their deaths were stigmatized, resulting in their "second death", but recent important changes in Chinese society have allowed the resurgence of grieving for them, culminating in the granting of the official title Of "cultural relic" to the graveyard. Opening up a space to contest their stigmatization and to invalidate the official judgement about the Cultural Revolution, this title signifies the rising imperative to account for every death in the name of life itself.
3.Title:Serving Society, Repurposing the State: Religious Charity and Resistance in China
Authors:McCarthy, Susan K.
Abstract:Faith-based charities are among the hundreds of thousands of non-profit, non-state organizations that have emerged in China in recent decades. The social service activities of these groups can rightly be seen as supporting the regime's policies and long-term goals. Yet faith-based organizations (FBOs) also enable religious adherents to resist aspects of China' s authoritarian system, albeit in subtle and nonconfrontational ways. They do so by expanding the spaces and forms of religious practice beyond the limits imposed by the state, through organizational forms which the state itself has created and approved: the non-profit, non-enterprise unit and the charitable foundation. In transforming the organizations, spaces and behaviors of charity into vehicles of spiritual practice, FBOs "repurpose" the state for religious ends. The repurposing practiced by Chinese religious charities constitutes a distinct mode of subtle, non-contentious resistance.
4. Title:Disappearing Justice: Public Opinion, Secret Arrest and Criminal Procedure Reform in China
Authors:Rosenzweig, Joshua.
Abstract:The 2011-12 revision of China's Criminal Procedure Law marked the first changes to the country's "mini-constitution" in 15 years, and the first time that proposed revisions were presented for public consultation. During the consultation period, lawyers, journalists and members of China's online communities criticized the draft's inadequacies, particularly measures that would allow investigators to "disappear" certain suspects. The debate over "secret arrest" revealed an emerging public discourse about justice issues, featuring an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the relationship between law and government accountability. Concern over police abuses is reorienting public opinion toward a justice discourse rooted in rights-protective procedures and institutions, that departs significantly from the rationales for criminal procedure reform articulated by China's politicolegal authorities. So long as those authorities treat legislative reform as a "contest" between institutional stakeholders and fail to engage with the public discourse, mistrust of public authority and demands for justice are likely to grow.
5. Title:Disciplining Local Officials in China: The Case of Conflict Management
Authors:Yongshun Cai; Lin Zhu.
Abstract:Ensuring the accountability of state agents requires the use of reward and sanction. Like other authoritarian regimes, the Chinese Party-state faces a dilemma in dealing with malfeasant agents: unprincipled tolerance undermines the regime's legitimacy, but disciplining officials may demoralize agents and result in the loss of state investment in them. Given this dilemma, selective or differentiated discipline becomes a logical choice. Using the case of social conflict management by local officials, this article explores the political rationale behind the use of selective discipline in China. It finds that two factors significantly affect the likelihood of an official being punished for mishandling social conflict: the severity of the consequences of the official's failure, and his or her role in the failure.
6. Title:A Behavioral Model of "Muddling Through" in the Chinese Bureaucracy: The Case of Environmental Protection
Authors:Xueguang Zhou; Hong Lian; Ortolano, Leonard; Yinyu Ye.
Abstract:How do we characterize and explain the behavioral patterns of the Chinese bureaucracy amid China's great transformation over the past three decades? The prevailing "tournament competition" model presented in the literature emphasizes the role of incentive design to explain bureaucratic behaviors. We develop an alternative model of "muddling through"--characterized by a reactive response to multiple pressures, constant readjustments and a focus on short-term gains--to explain the behavioral patterns of China's intermediate government agencies. We explain the underlying multiple bureaucratic logics that induce these behavioral patterns and the institutional conditions under which such behavioral patterns prevail. We illustrate the research issues, analytical concepts and theoretical arguments, using a case study of a municipal environmental protection bureau implementing the Five-Year Plan, between 2006 and 2010.
7. Title:Moving to Peripheral China: Home, Play and the Politics of Built Heritage
Authors:Xiaobo Su.
Abstract:This article analyzes mobility from the coastal region to the city of Lijiang, Yunnan. It presents the idea of home as an entry point to illuminate how a complex matrix of political-economic power can structure the use and interpretation of built heritage. First, the article explains why outside business people move to Lijiang. Second, it sketches out the conditions of mobility to Lijiang and explains the tensions between locals and outsiders. This research explores how the practices of outside businesspeople provoke and shape the politics of built heritage in Lijiang, and links these practices to the broader agendas of heritage ownership, local-outsider tensions and China's ongoing socioeconomic transition.
8. Title:China's Economic Reorientation after the Third Plenum: Conflict Surrounding "Chen Yun's" Readjustment Program, 1979-80.
Authors:Teiwes, Frederick C.; Sun, Warren.
Abstract:Although the broad outlines of the conflicting views and interests concerning economic readjustment following the December 1978 Third Plenum are adequately understood in the existing literature, academic accounts and the official narrative seriously misunderstand or misrepresent the élite politics surrounding the readjustment program in 1979-80. The view that Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun joined forces in an alliance against Hua Guofeng has merit, but not, as commonly claimed, as a rejection of Hua's failed economic policies--Deng in fact was the most forceful advocate of the pre-plenum policies which Chen found most detrimental. The second widely accepted proposition, that Deng and Chen subsequently fell out along reform vs. readjustment lines, with Chen gaining the upper hand by late 1980, also distorts political reality. When readjustment finally achieved its most forceful manifestation, the actual policies were formulated by Zhao Ziyang, with Deng's crucial backing.
以下是书评:
9. Title:China's Evolving Economic System: What's in a Name?
Authors:Golley, Jane.
Abstract:A review of the books "How China Became Capitalist," by Ronald Coase and Ning Wang and "Capitalism From Below: Markets and Institutional Change in China," by Victor Nee and Sonja Opper, is presented.
10. Title:Making Capitalism in Rural China
Authors:Thøgersen, Stig.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Making Capitalism in Rural China," by Michael Webber.
11. Title:Politics and Markets in Rural China
Authors:Mood, Michelle S.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Politics and Markets in Rural China," edited by Björn Alpermann.
12. Title:Creativity and Its Discontents: China's Creative Industries and Intellectual Property Rights Offenses
Authors:Ling-Yun Tang
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Creativity and Its Discontents: China's Creative Industries and Intellectual Property Rights Offenses," by Laikwan Pang.
13. Title:Walmart in China
Authors:King-Chi Chan, Chris.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Walmart in China," edited by Anita Chan.
14. Title:Double Paradox: Rapid Growth and Rising Corruption in China
Authors: Forde, Brendan.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Double Paradox: Rapid Growth and Rising Corruption in China," by Andrew Wedeman.
15.Title:The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers
Authors:Unger, Jonathan.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers," by Richard McGregor.
16. Title:China's Thought Management
Authors:Mahoney, Josef Gregory.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China's Thought Management," edited by Anne-Marie Brady.
17. Title:Criminal Justice in China: An Empirical Enquiry
Authors:Trevaskes, Susan.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Criminal Justice in China: An Empirical Enquiry," by Michael McConville, with Satnam Choongh, Pinky Choy Dick Wan, Eric Wing Hong, Ian Dobinson, and Carol Jones.
18. Title:My Life in Prison: Memoirs of a Chinese Political Dissident
Authors:Fu Hualing
Abstract:The article reviews the book "My Life in Prison: Memoirs of a Chinese Political Dissident," by Jiang Qisheng, translated by James Dew, edited by Naomi May.
19. Title:China's Environmental Challenges
Authors:Bruun, Ole.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China's Environmental Challenges," by Judith Shapiro.
20. Title:China Experiments: From Local Innovations to National Reform
Authors:Foster, Kenneth W.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China Experiments: From Local Innovations to National Reform," by Ann Florini, Hairong Lai, and Yeling Tan.
21. Title:The Politics of Community Building in Urban China
Authors:Read, Benjamin L.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "The Politics of Community Building in Urban China," by Thomas Heberer and Christian Göbel.
22. Title:Roots of the State: Neighborhood Organization and Social Networks in Beijing and Taipei
Authors:Beibei Tang
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Roots of the State: Neighborhood Organization and Social Networks in Beijing and Taipei," by Benjamin L. Read.
23. Title:Remembering China from Taiwan: Divided Families and Bittersweet Reunions after the Chinese Civil War
Authors:Ching-ying Tien
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Remembering China from Taiwan: Divided Families and Bittersweet Reunions after the Chinese Civil War," by Mahlon Meyer.
24. Title:Overseas Chinese Christian Entrepreneurs in Modern China: A Case Study of the Influence of Christian Ethics on Business Life
Authors:Vala, Carsten T.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Overseas Chinese Christian Entrepreneurs in Modern China: A Case Study of the Influence of Christian Ethics on Business Life," by Joy Kooi-Chin Tong.
25. Title:Church Militant: Bishop Kung and Catholic Resistance in Communist Shanghai
Authors:Carbonneau, Robert E.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Church Militant: Bishop Kung and Catholic Resistance in Communist Shanghai," by Paul P. Mariani.
26. Title:The Religion of Falun Gong
Authors:Shepherd, Robert.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "The Religion of Falun Gong," by Benjamin Penny.
27. Title:Desiring Hong Kong, Consuming South China: Transborder Cultural Politics, 1970-2010
Authors:Coates, Jamie.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Desiring Hong Kong, Consuming South China: Transborder Cultural Politics, 1970-2010," by Eric Kit-wai Ma.
28. Title:Conditional Spaces: Hong Kong Lesbian Desires and Everyday Life
Authors:Engebretsen, Elisabeth L.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Conditional Spaces: Hong Kong Lesbian Desires and Everyday Life," by Denise Tse-Shang Tang.
29. Title:Governance of Life in Chinese Moral Experience: The Quest for an Adequate Life
Authors:Lili Lai
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Governance of Life in Chinese Moral Experience: The Quest for an Adequate Life," edited by Everett Zhang, Arthur Kleinman, and Tu Weiming.
30. Title:Chinese Characters: Profiles of Fast-Changing Lives in a Fast-Changing Land/Eating Bitterness: Stories from the Frontline of China's Great Urban Migration
Authors:Cliff, Thomas.
Abstract:The article reviews the books "Chinese Characters: Profiles of Fast-Changing Lives in a Fast-Changing Land," edited by Angilee Shah and Jeffrey Wasserstrom, foreword by Pahkaj Mishra, and "Eating Bitterness: Stories from the Frontline of China's Great Urban Migration," by Michelle Dammon Loyalka.
31. Title:Ten Thousand Things: Nurturing Life in Contemporary Beijing
Authors:Geng Li
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Ten Thousand Things: Nurturing Life in Contemporary Beijing," by Judith Farquhar and Qicheng Zhang.
32. Title:Sociology and Anthropology in Twentieth-Century China: Between Universalism and Indigenism
Authors:Mathews, Gordon
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Sociology and Anthropology in Twentieth-Century China: Between Universalism and Indigenism," edited by Arif Dirlik, with Guannan Li and Hsiao-pei Yen.
33. Title:Transforming History: The Making of a Modern Academic Discipline in Twentieth-Century China
Authors:Weigelin-Schwiedrzik, Susanne.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Transforming History: The Making of a Modern Academic Discipline in Twentieth-Century China," edited by Brian Moloughney and Peter Zarrow.
34. Title:Contemporary Chinese Political Thought: Debates and Perspectives
Authors: Jenco, Leigh.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Contemporary Chinese Political Thought: Debates and Perspectives," edited by Fred Dallmayr and Zhao Tingyang.
35. Title:The Thought of Mou Zongsan
Authors:Clower, Jason T.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "The Thought of Mou Zongsan," by N. Serina Chan.
36. Title:China: The Political Philosophy of the Middle Kingdom
Authors:Makeham, John
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China: The Political Philosophy of the Middle Kingdom," by Tongdong Bai.
37. Title:After Empire: The Conceptual Transformation of the Chinese State, 1885-1924
Authors:Rowe, William T.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "After Empire: The Conceptual Transformation of the Chinese State, 1885-1924," by Peter Zarrow.
38. Title:Keeping the Nation's House: Domestic Management and the Making of Modern China
Authors:Sin Wen Lau
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Keeping the Nation's House: Domestic Management and the Making of Modern China," by Helen M. Schneider.
39. Title:China: A New Cultural History
Authors:DuBois, Thomas David.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China: A New Cultural History," by Cho-yun Hsu, translated by Timothy D. Baker Jr. and Michael S. Duke.
40. Title:Chinese Literature: A Very Short Introduction
Authors:Fisac, Taciana.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Chinese Literature: A Very Short Introduction," by Sabina Knight.
41. Title:Musings: Reading Hong Kong, China and the World
Authors:Lam, Adam.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Musings: Reading Hong Kong, China and the World," by Leo Ou-fan Lee.
42. Title:Tiananmen Fictions Outside the Square: The Chinese Literary Diaspora and the Politics of Global Culture
Authors:Haddon, Rosemary.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Tiananmen Fictions Outside the Square: The Chinese Literary Diaspora and the Politics of Global Culture," by Belinda Kong.
43. Title:Uneven Modernity: Literature, Film, and Intellectual Discourse in Postsocialist China
Authors:Yiyan Wang
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Uneven Modernity: Literature, Film, and Intellectual Discourse in Postsocialist China," by Haomin Gong.
44. Title:China on Video: Smaller-Screen Realities
Authors:Pugsley, Peter C.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China on Video: Smaller-Screen Realities," by Paola Voci.
45. Title:Brush and Shutter: Early Photography in China
Authors: Cliff, Thomas.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Brush and Shutter: Early Photography in China," edited by Jeffrey W. Cody and Frances Terpak.
46. Title:Chinese Art and Its Encounter with the World
Authors:Berghuis, Thomas J.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "Chinese Art and Its Encounter with the World," by David Clarke.
47. Title:East Asian National Identities: Common Roots and Chinese Exceptionalism
Authors:Young Chul Cho
Abstract:The article reviews the book "East Asian National Identities: Common Roots and Chinese Exceptionalism," edited by Gilbert Rozman.
48. Title:China Orders the World: Normative Soft Power and Foreign Policy
Authors: Yeophantong, P. M.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China Orders the World: Normative Soft Power and Foreign Policy," edited by William A. Callahan and Elena Barabantseva.
49. Title:China Among Unequals: Asymmetric Foreign Relations in Asia
Authors:Tubilewicz, Czeslaw.
Abstract:The article reviews the book "China Among Unequals: Asymmetric Foreign Relations in Asia," by Brantly Womack.