1.The Unified Mass Unit Is Defined As

1.The unified mass unit is defined as

A.the mass of one neutral atom of C.

B. of the mass of one neutral atom of C.

C. of the mass of one neutral atom of C.

D.the mass of the nucleus of C.

(1)

2.In a fission chain reaction,

A.energy from one fission reaction causes further fission reactions.

B.nuclei produced in one fission reaction cause further fission reactions.

C.neutrons from one fission reaction cause further fission reactions.

D.gamma radiation produced in one fission reaction causes further fission reactions.

(1)

3.The source of the Sun’s energy is

A.fission.

B.radioactivity.

C.fusion.

D.ionization.

(1)

4.When the isotope aluminium-27 is bombarded with alpha particles, the following nuclear reaction can take place

Which one of the following correctly gives the atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon) number of the nucleus X?

Proton number / Nucleon number
A. / 15 / 30
B. / 16 / 31
C. / 30 / 15
D. / 31 / 16

(1)

5.This question is about nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

(a)Compare the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

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(4)

(b)A nuclear fusion reaction that is being investigated for the production of power is

where the energy liberated in each reaction is

Determine the rate, in kg s–1, of production of required for a power output of 100MW.

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(2)

(Total 6 marks)

6.This question is about the production of nuclear energy and its transfer to electrical energy.

(a)When a neutron “collides” with a nucleus of uranium-235 (U) the following reaction can occur.

U+nBa+ Kr+ 2n

(i)State the name given to this type of nuclear reaction.

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(1)

(ii)Energy is liberated in this reaction. In what form does this energy appear?

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(1)

(b)Describe how the neutrons produced in this reaction may initiate a chain reaction.

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(1)

The purpose of a nuclear power station is to produce electrical energy from nuclear energy. The diagram below is a schematic representation of the principle components of a nuclear reactor “pile” used in a certain type of nuclear power station.

The function of the moderator is to slow down neutrons produced in a reaction such as that described in part (a) above.

(c)(i)Explain why it is necessary to slow down the neutrons.

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(3)

(ii)Explain the function of the control rods.

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(2)

(d)Describe briefly how the energy produced by the nuclear reactions is extracted from the reactor pile and then transferred to electrical energy.

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(4)

(Total 12 marks)

7.This question is about nuclear binding energy.

(a)Define nuclear binding energy.

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(1)

The axes below show values of nucleon number A (horizontal axis) and average binding energy per nucleon E (vertical axis). (Binding energy is taken to be a positive quantity).

(b)Mark on the E axis opposite, the approximate position of

(i)the isotope (label this F).

(1)

(ii)the isotope (label this H).

(1)

(iii)the isotope (label this U).

(1)

(c)Using the grid opposite, draw a graph to show the variation with nucleon number A of the average binding energy per nucleon E.

(2)

(d)Use the following data to deduce that the binding energy per nucleon of the isotope is 2.2MeV.

nuclear mass of = 3.01603 u
mass of proton= 1.00728 u
mass of neutron= 1.00867 u

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(3)

In the nuclear reaction +  He + energy is released.

(e)(i)State the name of this type of reaction.

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(1)

(ii)Use your graph in (e) to explain why energy is released in this reaction.

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(2)

(Total 12 marks)