Unit 5: Genetics

Test Review

Disclaimer: This test review is not all inclusive, however, it will give you insight as to how questions will be asked on the test and the type of information for which you will be responsible. Please refer to your notes for additional information.

1. THE CAT SAW THE FAT RAT

THE CAT SAW THE RAT

The change in Statement 1 to form

Statement 2 is most similar to what type of

mutation?

A Insertion

B Deletion

C Substitution

D Frameshift

2.About 1 in 3,500 males born inherits the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). It is rare to find the disease in females; however, some women have mild muscular weakness and heart ailments. Explain how it is possible to have more males than females in the population with the fatal disease.

3. Why can you not determine your exact genotype for dominant traits?

4. Skin color and eye color are examples of—

A. multiple alleles

B. polygenic traits

C. codominance

D. incomplete dominance

5. Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are commonly used to study inhearitance patterns. In fruit flies, red eye color is an X-linked dominant trait. The symbol for the dominant allele is XR, and the symbol for the recessive allele is Xr. If a female heterozygous for red eyes is mated with a male which white eyes, what percentage of the male offspring would be expected to have red eyes?

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 100%

6. In snapdragons, R represents red flowers, and r represents white flowers. In the cross RR x rr, all the offspring have pink flowers. Which pattern of inheritance is illustrated by this cross?

A. incomplete dominance

B. multiple alleles

C. recessiveness

D. polygenic inheritance

7. Hemophilia and colorblindness are traits that are found only on the X chromosome. These traits are said to be—

A. autosomal

B. codominant

C. polygenic

D. sex-linked

8. Botanists cross a heterozygous (Pp) plant having purple flowers with a homozygous (pp) plant having white flowers. About what percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers?

A0%

B25%

C50%

D75%

9. A mutation in a DNA molecule is passed to offspring only when the mutation occurs in a —

A neuron

B cell wall

C nuclear membrane

D gamete

10. In which of the following does meiosis play a more significant role than mitosis?

  1. Reproducing asexually
  2. Growing and developing
  3. Increasing genetic variation
  4. Replication of chromosomes

11. Compared to mitosis, the process of meiosis results in daughter cells that are—

  1. Diploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells
  2. Diploid cells with a smaller number of chromosomes as the parent cells
  3. Haploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells
  4. Haploid cells with a smaller number of chromosomes than the parent cells

12.The sex of a person is determined by chromosome number—

a)1

b)4

c)23

d)46

13. After analyzing a karyotype, you notice that the 23rdpair of chromosomes contains two X chromosome. From the information in this karyotype, it is confirmed that—

A. the person is female

B. the person is male

C. there is a mutation on the 23rd pair of chromosomes

D. the 23rd pair of chromosomes does not exist

14. The process that is important toward increasing genetic diversity among organisms is ______.

15. A mutation in DNA replaces guanine with thymine, as shown below

Original DNA sequence: TATGAAGGAAAA

Mutated DNA sequence: TATGAAGTAAAA

Compared to a protein produced by the original DNA sequence, a protein produced by the mutated sequence will differ in—

  1. All amino acids that come after G
  2. All amino acids that come after T
  3. All of the amino acids
  4. A single amino acid

16. Huntington’s disease is caused by a mutation on the CAG repeat of chromosome #4. The code for glutamic acid has a mutation in one nucleotide that changes it to code for Alanine. Which choice correctly shows this mutation? (use your codon chart)

  1. GAG to GCG
  2. GAG to GGG
  3. GAG to GGA
  4. GAG to GUA

17. Marfan syndrome is an inherited condition that affects the connective tissue, resulting in unusually long bones and spinal curvature, as well as vision, cardiac, and respiratory problems. The syndrome tends to become increasingly severe over time. The following pedigree shows inheritance of Marfan syndrome in a multigenerational family.

a) How is this syndrome inherited?

b) Can you determine individual II4’s genotype? Explain.

c) Individual II1 and II2 are considering having another child. What is the probability that this child will have Marfan syndrome? Explain using a Punnett square.

18. Humans may have a peaked or smooth hairline. If a man and a woman both have a smooth hairline, none of their children will have peaked hairlines. How is a peaked hairline most likely inherited? Draw a pedigree for a family where one parent and two of three children have a peaked hairline. One of the children with a peaked hairline marries an individual with a smooth hairline. Their children both have a peaked hairline. Identify the genotypes and phenotypes of each individual.

19. 12. The pedigree to the right shows the passing on of

colorblindness. What sex can ONLY be carriers of

colorblindness? ______

20. With this in mind, what kind of non-mendelian

trait is colorblindness? ______

21. Why does individual IV-7 have colorblindness?

______

22. Why do all the daughters in generation II carry

the colorblind gene? ______

23. Name 2 IV generation colorblind males. ______

24. Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence : T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T

What kind of mutation is this?

25. A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein coded by a gene. What do you think is the most likely type of mutation in this gene? Why?

26. Look at the following sequence: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. Delete the first H and regroup the letters in groups of three- write out the new groups of three. Does the sentence still make sense? What type of mutation is this an example of?

27. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait?

28. Which type of mutation is results in abnormal amino acid sequence?

29. Which type of mutation stops the translation of the mRNA?

30. If a karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21, the individual is most likely to have

A. Cri-du-chat

B. down’s syndrome

C. Huntington’s Disease

D. Turner’s syndrome

.