1. Read page 241-242 – Who is Godric?

2.What marked the beginning of the postclassical period in Western Europe?

2. What is this period referred to as? What did it feature?

3. Civilization extended to what areas during this period?

4. Which religion will spread along with civilization?

5. What are some examples of contacts from these other areas?

STAGES OF POSTCLASSICAL DEVELOPMENT

6. Where was the center of the Roman Catholic Church?

7. Where is the center of the postclassical West?

8. Who were the Vikings?

9. What could you say about intellectual activity?

10. What caused the West to be so weak (politically and economically)?

11. What institution kept learning alive during this rough period?

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM: OBLIGATIONS AND ALLEGIANCES

12. Define manorialism.

13. Describe the life a serf.

14. What improved agriculture production?

15. What was the three-field system?

16. What types of rights did serfs have?

THE CHURCH: POLITICAL AND SPIRITUAL POWER

17. What did the Roman Catholic Church model their organizational structure after? Explain.

18. What did the pope do?

19. What did Clovis use Christianity for? (Similar to African kings converting to Islam)

20. What purpose did the monasteries serve?

21. Who was Benedict of Nursia?

22. List the benefits of the monastic movement:

CHARLEMAGNE AND HIS SUCCESSORS

23. Who were the Carolingians? Where was it based?

24. Who was Charles Martel?

25. What positive strides did Charlemagne make toward civilization?

26. What happened when Charlemagne died?

27. What area claimed the title of “Holy Roman Emperor”? What was its true nature?

28. What were positive developments introduced by the 9th and 10th centuries in western Europe?

NEW ECONOMIC AND URBAN VIGOR

29. What economic gains did contact the East bring?

30. What innovation gave landlords military dominance?

31. What happened to the Vikings in the 10th century?

32. What was a result of fewer raids and new agricultural technology?

33. What was evidence of the new economic vitality of Europe?

34. Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe?

35. What did the pace of economic life cause on the economy?

36. When did the first universities develop in Europe? What was the primary purpose to educate for?

FEUDAL MONARCHIES AND POLITICAL ADVANCES

37. Define and explain feudalism.

38. Define vassals:

39. What is the difference between the French and feudal monarchy in England?

40. What century did France receive a feudal monarchy?

41. What region achieved a feudal monarchy before the end of the Middle Ages?

42. Name the regions where expansion from western Europe took place:

Who was William the Conqueror?

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

43. In 1215—How did the Magna Carta show the continued power of the aristocrats?

44. Describe the English Parliament:

45. Who held the power in the newly developed parliaments?

46. What was the key issue parliaments ruled on?

47. What determined a person’s rights?

48. What was unique about Europe’s version of representative government?

49. Describe Hundred Years War:

THE WEST’S EXPANSIONIST IMPULSE

50. What does population growth tend to cause? And what was their motivation? (like previous unit)

51. What was the “reconquest”? About how long did it take?

52. Who called for the First Crusade? When?

53. How were people persuaded to join?

54. Which Crusade was victorious for the Christians?

55. What was the motivation of the Fourth Crusade?

56. What were the results of the Crusades?

RELIGIOUS REFORM AND EVOLUTION

57. What secular problem did the Church struggle with?

58. Who was Saint Clare of Assisi and Saint Francis of Assisi?

59. Who was Pope Gregory VIII?

THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

60. When was it?

61. What were the 3 ingredients?

62. What is the ideology that penetrated every aspect of life during the Middle Ages?

Which of these models applies to the rise of Russia (C9) and sub-Saharan Africa (C8)?

WESTERN CULTURE AND CHRISTIANITY IN THE POSTCLASSICAL ERA

THEOLOGY: ASSIMILATING FAITH AND REASON

63. What was the focus of intellectual thought?

64. What did Peter Abelard contribute to the conversation?

65. What view did St. Bernard of Clair Vaux advocate?

66. How were schools in the West different from China?

67. How did Thomas Aquinas link reason and faith?

68. What is scholasticism?

69. What was the Christian view of scientific research?

POPULAR RELIGION

70. List examples of syncretism as Christianity were adopted in Europe.

RELIGIOUS THEMES IN ART AND LITERATURE

71. What was the purpose of medieval art?

72. What was the popular architectural form? (look to image 10.6 on pg 234)

CHANGING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FORMS IN THE POSTCLASSICAL CENTURIES

NEW STRAINS IN RURAL LIFE

73. How had serf’s economic standing change?

74. How did this affect the interaction between aristocrats and peasants?

GROWTH OF TRADE AN BANKING

75. What was introduced to the west?

76. Who was opposed to the use of money?

77. Give examples of the first capitalist ventures.

78. What was the Hanseatic League?

79. What were the results of the improved economy of the High Middle Ages?

80. What were the functions of the merchants and artisan guilds?

81. Who was Jacques Coeur?

82. What was the purpose of a guild?

LIMITED SPHERE FOR WOMEN

83. What new institution valued women’s contributions?

84. C/C women in Christianity and Islam.

THE DECLINE OF THE MEDIEVAL SYNTHESIS

85. What European conflict weakened and strained their governments and treasuries?

86. What were the military turning points during the Hundred Years’ War?

87. What were other areas of decline?

SIGNS OF STRAIN

88. How was the role played by aristocrats challenged at the end of the medieval period?

89. How did they combat the declining role?

90. In what ways did the church lose some of its role/influence? Why?

The Postclassical West and its Heritage

92. Define Middle Ages:

93. The Middle Ages was a period of what?

94. What werethe results of the Hundred Years War during the 14th and 15th centuries?

95. What were the threats to the sources of Western vitality at the end of the Middle Ages?

96. What were the typical challenges to typical medieval institutions in the 15th century?

Stearns, et al. World Civilizations: The Global Experience AP 3rd edition