Kawa et al. (2002)1
Prostate cancer / 36.3 months (median)
Choo et al. (2001)2
Prostate cancer / 5.1 years (median)
Arai et al. (2001)3
Prostate cancer / 36.7 months
Egawa et al. (2000)4
Prostate cancer / 25.8 months (median)
Egawa et al. (1999)5
Prostate cancer / 35.7 months (median)
Gerber et al. (1998)6
Prostate cancer / 55.7 months (median)
Nakata et al. (1998)7
Prostate cancer / 23 months (average)
Pruthi et al. (1997)8
Patients who failed to benefit from radical prostatectomy / 284 days (median)
Hanks et al. (1996)9
Prostate cancer / 31 months (median)
Yu et al. (1995)10
Patients whose cancer relapsed / 277 days (mean)
Lee et al. (1995)11
Prostate cancer / 38 months (median)
Pollack et al. (1994)12
Post radiotherapy / 13.5 months (average)
Schmid (1994)13
Tumor confined to the prostate / 4 years (median)
Carter et al. (1992)14
Local/regional
Advanced/metastatic / 3.0 years (median)
2.0 years (median)
Stamey & Kabalin (1989)15
Stages A and B / At least 2 years
Range / 284 days–55.7 months
1.Kawa, G. etal. A clinical analysis of patients with early-stage prostate cancer managed without initial treatment [Japanese]. Hinyokika Kiyo48, 133–138 (2002).
2.Choo, R. etal. PSA doubling time of prostate carcinoma managed with watchful observation alone. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.50, 615–620 (2001).
3.Arai, Y., Egawa, S., Kuwao, S., Ogura, K. & Baba, S. The role of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume in predicting tumour biology and clinical behaviour in patients with prostate cancer undergoing watchful waiting. BJU Int.88, 909–914 (2001).
4.Egawa, S. etal. Use of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen doubling time to predict outcome after radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis.3, 269–274 (2000).
5.Egawa, S. etal. Observations of prostate specific antigen doubling time in Japanese patients with nonmetastatic prostate carcinoma. Cancer86, 463–469 (1999).
6.Gerber, G.S., Gornik, H.L., Goldfischer, E.R., Chodak, G.W. & Rukstalis, D.B. Evaluation of changes in prostate specific antigen in clinically localized prostate cancer managed without initial therapy. J. Urol.159, 1243–1246 (1998).
7.Nakata, S. etal. PSA-doubling time immediately before the diagnosis of prostate cancer [Japanese]. Hinyokika Kiyo44, 81–84 (1998).
8.Pruthi, R.S., Johnstone, I., Tu, I.P. & Stamey, T.A. Prostate-specific antigen doubling times in patients who have failed radical prostatectomy: correlation with histologic characteristics of the primary cancer. Urology49, 737–742 (1997).
9.Hanks, G.E., Hanlon, A.L., Lee, W.R., Slivjak, A. & Schultheiss, T.E. Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen doubling times: clinical utility of this predictor of prostate cancer behavior. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.34, 549–553 (1996).
10.Yu, H., Diamandis, E.P., Prestigiacomo, A.F. & Stamey, T.A. Ultrasensitive assay of prostate-specific antigen used for early detection of prostate cancer relapse and estimation of tumor-doubling time after radical prostatectomy. Clin. Chem.41, 430–434 (1995).
11.Lee, W.R., Hanks, G.E., Corn, B.W. & Schultheiss, T.E. Observations of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen doubling time in 107 patients referred for definitive radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.31, 21–24 (1995).
12.Pollack, A., Zagars, G.K. & Kavadi, V.S. Prostate specific antigen doubling time and disease relapse after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Cancer74, 670–678 (1994).
13.Schmid, H.P. etal. Effect of the natural history on management of adenocarcinoma of the prostate [German]. Urologe A33, 144–148 (1994).
14.Carter, H.B. etal. Estimation of prostatic growth using serial prostate-specific antigen measurements in men with and without prostate disease. Cancer Res.52, 3323–3328 (1992).
15.Stamey, T.A. & Kabalin, J.N. Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. I. Untreated patients. J. Urol.141, 1070–1075 (1989).
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