Worksheet 1.10
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Travis
Course: / A ECL/BIOL 365
Instructor: / Dr. Adams
Date: / 9/21/16
1. ______is the retention of larval characteristics in the adult form.
2. Order ______are the egg-laying mammals.
3. In order for a hypothesis to be scientific, it must be ______and make ______.
4. ______is the discipline in charge of providing names for groups of organisms and establishing rules by which organisms are named.
5. The ______is known as the age of the amphibians.
6. Birds have a ______respiratory system because they use a series of air sacs in addition to their lungs.
7. In birds, the ______fuses to form the ______, or “wishbone”.
8. ______structures have similarities due to shared ancestry (limbs of tetrapods); ______structures have similarities that are not from shared ancestry (wings of birds, bats, & insects).
9. The ______is made up of girdles and appendages.
10. ______and ______are the smallest units of the muscle and are the power source to every action made.
11. Anurans’ respiratory system functions by ______pressure & mammals function by ______pressure.
12. Cardiac and skeletal muscles are both ______. However, only cardiac muscle is ______.
13. The ______officially broke the tie to water.
14. The lungfish belong to the Class ______, which are known as transitional fish due to their characteristics that allow for the transition to land.
15. The order Squamata contains three traditional subgroups. One of these, ______is NOT monophyletic because the remaining two, ______and ______are phylogenetically nested within a lineage of the first.
16. The ______is made up of the cranium, vertebrae, ribs & sternum.
17. Birds form a ______group within the amniotes.
18. There are two main components of the circulatory system, the ______system and the ______system.
19. All vertebrates have a ______circulatory system.
20. Mammals and birds are ______homeotherms.
21. Birds are ______, meaning they lay eggs.
22. Most mammals have ______dentition.
23. The segmented bands of muscle that are found in fish are called ______.
24. ______are the vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
25. ______is the transitional organism between reptiles and birds that was recognized as the first true bird.
26. ______rule states that endotherms tend to be larger in cooler climates.
27. Gill filaments contain ______, thin filaments that increase the surface area.
28. Gas exchange in the lungs takes place in the ______.
29. Plethodontidae is the family of salamanders also known as the lung-less salamanders, and instead breathes using ______respiration.
30. Class ______have a skeleton made of cartilage but don’t have a swim bladder whereas Class ______have a bony skeleton and a swim bladder. Both classes are extant.
31. ______is a transitional organism between fish and tetrapods that was notable for having fins with wrists.
32. Muscles are composed of individual units called ______, which are then combined into bundles called ______.
33. The functional unit of a muscle is the ______.
34. Blood is made up of ______and ______cells. Name the types of cells and their function.
35. The evolution of a ______jaw articulation in mammals allowed these jaw bones that are now present in the mammalian ______to be modified for the function of ______.
Short Answer/Essay Portion
36. List the four characteristics that ALL chordates share at some point in their lives.
37. Briefly describe the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation.
38. List and briefly describe 3 problems associated with the move to land.
39. Describe the characteristics of the amniotic egg and their functions.
40. Define skull fenestration (function). List each type and give examples of extant vertebrate groups that show each type.
41. Name the 4 components of Evolution by Natural Selection.
42. Orchestrate the patterns of the circulatory system for the following vertebrate groups:
Fish:
Amphibians:
Mammals:
43. What are the three traits that should be maximized to create optimum respiration of oxygen?
44. Describe the counter-current flow.
45. What are some changes seen in the axial skeleton of fish vs. a tetrapod. Make sure to note the vertebral column and its purpose.
ALSO KNOW:
· PHYLOGENETIC TREE
· Other extant orders (scientific names)
· Major evolutionary changes between groups (i.e. development of jaw, skeletal changes, limb development, amniotic egg, shift in jaw articulation, etc.
· Study lectures slides in addition to the SI worksheets and this practice exam