1. Health and Safety

CONTENT

TOPIC PG.NO

· Introduction 2

Ø Scenario 1

1. Health and Safety

2. Workshop Fire

3. Electric Shock

4. Chemical Spillage

Introduction

Overall, the purpose of this assignment is to describe various features of a workshop. It gives you a guide to every procedure and safety rule you need to follow before starting on any task. A worker should be alerted at all times about any danger or risk he/she would face if that assigned task goes wrong in any way. Hence, they should always follow the rules, which would make their task much easier and reduce the possible dangers. Supervisors can examine workers to be 100% sure that he is well fit to be working in the workshop.

Ø Scenario 1

1. Health and Safety: It is an unfortunate reality that accidents occur in the workshop and a worker neglects health and safety act and cause risk to oneself. Workers usually forget or ignore the risks and still continue with their work; once that mistake is done there is no turning back. Being ignorant can cause damage to not only oneself but also to fellow workers and the machinery. Inspection should be held to ensure that the workers are implementing the health and safety act in their task.

2. Workshop Fire: A Firstly, in case of any fire it is the mere duty of an individual to cover themselves with a fire blanket. Secondly, all individuals must report to the assembly point fixed during the fire drill. In case of a small fire, any individual can also put out the fire using a fire extinguisher.

3. Everyone should practice a regular drill in case of fire and they should do this as follows:

1. Find a way for everyone to sound like an alarm. Yelling, pounding on walls, whistles, etc. Practice yelling "FIRE!"

2. Practice evacuating the building blindfolded. In a real fire situation, the amount of smoke generated by a fire most likely will make it difficult to see.

3. Practice staying low to the ground when escaping. Do not always jump.

4. Learn to stop, drop to the ground, roll if clothes catch fire and lastly make sure you have a safe fire escape plane in this situation.

4. Electrical Shock: An electric shock occurs when a person comes into contact with an electrical energy source. Electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. Exposure to electrical energy may result in no injury at all or may result in devastating damage or death. The procedure having risks of electrical shocks should be carefully done and if any risk occurs, prevention should immediately be provided to the person. It can be prevented by replacing or checking the damage in the power chord and should be covered if the external covering has been damaged.

5. Chemical Spillage: Individuals should be familiar with the properties and hazards of the materials with which they work with. If a chemical spill occurs, the area of the skin on which it occurred should be washed for at least 15 minutes thoroughly, an improper cleanup will lead to injuries so the person should be alert at all times and this also applies to any damage near the eyes or anywhere else on the body.

Hand tools :

Hammers

A hammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact to an object. The most common uses are for driving nails, fitting parts, forging metal and breaking up objects. Hammers are often designed for a specific purpose, and vary widely in their shape and structure. They are classified according to their:

· Weight

· Shape of head

· Some heads are made of lead, copper, brass so the don’t damage the surface

Chisel

A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal. They are classified according to their:

· Length

· Shape of cutting edge

Files

Files are designed to smooth wood, metal and plastic. You can remove burrs from corners and sharpen metal edges with one as well. A file cuts only on the push stroke and leaves marks on the surfaces that must later be smoothed with sandpaper. They are classified according to their:

· Length

· Shape

· Type of cut

· Grade of cut

Hacksaws

The hacksaw is designed to cut almost any size or shape of metal object. The hacksaw uses two types of blades, hard and flexible. The type of blade used depends on the nature of the task. They are classified according to their:

· Length

· Whether they are flexible or all-hard

· Number of teeth per unit length

The Micrometer:

The micrometer is a precision measuring instrument, used by engineers. Each revolution of the rachet moves the spindle face 0.5mm towards the anvil face. The object to be measured is placed between the anvil face and the spindle face. The rachet is turned clockwise until the object is ‘trapped’ between these two surfaces and the rachet makes a ‘clicking’ noise. This means that the rachet cannot be tightened anymore and the measurement can be read. To use a micrometer, place the part in the opening. Next, turn the thimble until the spindle contacts the work. To apply a consistent pressure to the part, use the ratchet stop. Use the clamp ring to hold the thimble in place while you read the micrometer. To read the micrometer:

· Read the exposed number on the barrel.

· Read the number of divisions past the number. Each division represents 0.025 inches.

· Read the division on the spindle. These usually read to less than thousandths of an inch.

Scenario 3 : Electric tools / shock

· Do not touch the victim while he is still in contact with the electric supply. Switch the supply off. If this is not possible remove, the live source electricity either by pulling the insulated cable or by moving the victim by using an insulated object. i.e. a lump of dry wood.

· Once free from the electricity examine the patient. If alive and conscious he will be in a state of shock. Treat for this condition accordingly. If the patient is unconscious the treat for it as for a general unconscious patient.

· If there are burns treat the burns in an approved manner.

· If the patient has stopped breathing apply mouth to mouth artificial respiration. When the patient recovers treat for shock in usual way.

· If the patient is suffering from shock. If he has been rendered unconscious and especially if he has recovered having stopped breathing, expert medical supervision is necessary.

· Call a doctor or send for an ambulance to take the patient to the hospital.

Ø Scenario 4:

Rivet :

A rivet is a mechanical fastener consisting of a smooth cylindrical shaft with heads on either end. The heads are somewhat larger than the diameter of the hole into which the rivet has been inserted. Generally one head is factory formed. The other is formed by flattening out the metal after the rivet has been inserted. This can either be done by applying force to both sides of the rivet (as in a solid rivet), or by pulling a mandrel out of one side of the rivet causing the other side to deform (blind rivet).There are a number of types of rivets: solid rivets, blind rivets, multi-grip rivets, grooved type rivets, Peel Type Blind Rivets, plastic rivets, drive rivets, tubular rivets, etc. Before wielding techniques and bolted joints were developed, metal framed buildings and structures such as the Eiffel Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge were generally held together by riveting. Riveting is still widely used in applications where light weight and high strength are critical, such as in airplanes. Common but more exotic uses of rivets are to reinforce jeans and to produce the distinctive sound of a sizzle cymbal. Generally the strength of the rivot should be similar to the strength of the metal used.

Rivets (classified)

· The alloy used in the rivet

· The diameter of the rivet

· The length of the rivet

Different types of Rivets:

· Rivet alloy

· Head design

· POP Rivets

· Cherry Locks and Cherry Max

Riveting Terminology

The rivet diameter should be 3 times the thickness of a single sheet.

Pitch- distance between the centers of adjacent rivets in the same row.

Land- distance between the sheet edge and the center of the rivet.

Allowance- the length of the protruding shank which is flattened to close a rivet.

Scenario 5 :

Conclusion

This assignment has detailed information regarding the equipments in a workshop. It also gives information about the accidents that can occur in a workshop or anywhere and how a person may have to react to that particular accident. All the safety has been described in simple language. There for I conclude that this assignment has gained my knowledge in the aviation field.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org

www.apparelsearch.com

www.aviationtoday.com

www.wikipedia.org

http://www.safetyfirstaid.org

Basic & Skill workshop Instruction book provided by college