1. An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called the:
a. heritability estimate.b. nucleotide.
c. double helix.d. genome.
2. Bacteria that resist a hospital's antibiotics rapidly multiply as other bacteria die off. This best illustrates:
a. gene complexes.b. behavior genetics.
c. heritability.d. natural selection.
3. Compared to women, men are ______likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and ______likely to feel jealous rage over a mate's having sex with someone else.
a. less; moreb. more; less
c. less; lessd. more; more
4. It has been suggested that men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates:
a. social learning theory.b. behavior genetics.
c. Freudian psychology.d. an evolutionary perspective.
5. Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are ______similar in their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and ______similar in risk of divorce.
a. less; lessb. more; morec. equally; mored. more; equally
6. Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ______of their adopted children.
a. personality traitsb. religious beliefsc. political attitudesd. moral values
7. Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of:
a. the X chromosome.b. temperament.c. personal space.d. natural selection.
8. Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are most directly associated with the research efforts of:
a. molecular biologists.b. behavior geneticists.
c. evolutionary psychologists.d. gender schema theorists.
9. In emphasizing that the behavioral effects of heredity depend on the specific environment in which one is raised, psychologists are highlighting the importance of:
a. the double helix.b. gene complexes.
c. natural selection.d. nature-nurture interactions.
10. Less than 10 percent of children's personality differences are attributable to the various ______shared by family members.
a. genesb. temperaments
c. home environmentsd. cultural settings
11. Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated by:
a. sound and music.b. light and colors.
c. touch and massage.d. movement and acceleration.
12. At a social gathering, Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider intrusive and overly expressive. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing:
a. norms.b. gene complexes.
c. gender identities.d. heritability estimates.
13. Over the last century, Western parents have placed ______priority on teaching children to respect and obey parents and ______priority on teaching them loyalty to their country.
a. decreasing; increasingb. increasing; decreasing
c. decreasing; decreasingd. increasing; increasing
14. Jaquetta was exposed to excess testosterone during prenatal development. As a young girl, Jaquetta is likely to:
a. prefer toy cars over dolls.b. exhibit superior verbal intelligence.
c. develop a male gender identity.d. demonstrate a lack of gender schemas.
15. Concepts of maleness and femaleness that influence our perceptions are called gender:
a. types.b. schemas.c. roles.d. complexes.
16. Your complete genetic code consists of the exact sequence of ______within your ______.
a. memes; genomeb. nucleotides; DNA
c. genes; sex chromosomesd. synapses; nervous system
17. Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to:
a. gender schemas.b. the X chromosome.
c. memes.d. genetic predispositions.
18. Compared to their female classmates, college-age men are ______likely to engage in unsafe sexual practices and ______likely to die in auto crashes.
a. more; moreb. more; lessc. equally; mored. more; equallye. equally; equally
19. Evolutionary psychologists are likely to be criticized for ______gender differences in human mate selection and for ______the reproductive advantages of common social practices.
a. underestimating; underestimatingb. overestimating; overestimating
c. underestimating; overestimatingd. overestimating; underestimating
20. Two individuals are most likely to differ in intelligence if they are ______twins who were raised ______.
a. fraternal; togetherb. identical; apartc. fraternal; apartd. identical; together
21. Identical twins reared apart have ______similar personalities than identical twins reared together and ______similar personalities than fraternal twins reared apart.
a. more; moreb. less; lessc. more; lessd. less; more
22. Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals are attributable to their differing:
a. sex chromosomes.b. ethnic identities.c. gender roles.d. schemas.e. genes.
23. Identifying some of the specific genes that contribute to alcoholism would be of most direct interest to:
a. evolutionary psychologists.b. molecular geneticists.
c. gender schema theorists.d. Freudian psychologists.
24. The tendency to exaggerate the impact of parents' child-rearing practices on children's personality development has been most characteristic of:
a. behavior geneticists.b. Freudian psychologists.
c. gender schema theorists.d. evolutionary psychologists.
25. Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical twins who share a placenta. This best illustrates the influence of ______on development.
a. prenatal environmentsb. genetic predispositions
c. gender schemasd. erotic plasticity
26. Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. In order to avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens' smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the impact of:
a. natural selections on gender typing.b. temperament on physical health.
c. smoking preferences.d. gene complexes on maturation.
27. The dramatic increase in Americans' premarital sexual activity over the past half-century best illustrates that sexual behavior is influenced by:
a. temperament.b. natural selection.c. testosterone.d. norms.
28. A single ______on the ______chromosome plays a crucial role in the prenatal development of the testes.
a. gene; Xb. nucleotide; Xc. gene; Yd. nucleotide; Y
29. The expectations that men initiate dates and that women select wedding gifts best illustrate aspects of:
a. sexual orientation.b. gender identity.c. behavior genetics.
d. gene complexes.e. gender roles.
30. Because he believes that worrying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty perceiving his own fears. His experience best illustrates dynamics highlighted by:
a. social learning theory.b. behavior genetics.
c. gender schema theory.d. evolutionary psychology.
31. Charles Darwin noticed that many species of animals had developed characteristics with no survival value. His theory that these characteristics had evolved to attract a mate is called:
a. evolution.b. attraction theory.
c. natural selection.d. sexual selection.
32. Psychologists who argue that the factors influencing attraction are "hard-wired" into us from the earliest days of human existence are called ______psychologists.
a. evolutionaryb. humanisticc. cognitived. behavioral
33. Evolutionary psychologists believe that because of the different reproductive challenges experienced by men and women throughout the history of the human race:
a. men usually prefer older women and women usually prefer younger men.
b. women are usually attracted to dominant males, while men are usually attracted to females who appear young and healthy.
c. men have evolved to feel more jealousy when their mate is emotionally unfaithful, while women tend to feel more jealousy due to the sexual infidelity of their mate.
d. women have evolved to be more promiscuous because of their need to find many mates to ensure the security of their offspring.
34. Evolutionary psychology has been criticized most often because it:
a. emphasizes the role of environment over genes in shaping sexual behavior.
b. does not give enough credence to creationist theories.
c. is too new to be taken seriously for now.
d. depends too much on hindsight explanations of human behavior.
35. Bacteria that resist a hospital’s antibiotics rapidly multiply as other bacteria die off. This best illustrates:
1. gene complexes.
2. behavior genetics.
3. heritability.
4. natural selection.
36. It has been suggested that men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates:
1. social learning theory.
2. behavior genetics.
3. Freudian psychology.
4. an evolutionary perspective.
37. Evolutionary psychologists attribute human tendency to fear snakes and heights to:
1. gender schemas.
2. the X chromosome.
3. memes.
4. genetic predispositions.
38. The tendency to exaggerate the impact of parents’ child-rearing practices on children’s personality development has been most characteristic of:
1. behavior geneticists.
2. Freudian psychologists.
3. gender schema theorists.
4. evolutionary psychologists.
39. At a social gathering, Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider overly expressive. This illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing:
1. norms.
2. gene complexes.
3. gender identities.
4. heritability estimates.
40. Sugar and spice and everything nice, that’s what little girls are made of. . .This saying reflects perspectives about human beings. Which of the following perspectives does this saying reflect?
- Nature
- Nurture
- Both nature and nurture
- Neither nature nor nurture
41. You are what you eat. This saying reflects perspectives about human beings. Which of the following perspectives does this saying reflect?
- Nature
- Nurture
- Both nature and nurture
- Neither nature nor nurture
42. All men are created equal. This saying reflects perspectives about human beings. Which of the following perspectives does this saying reflect?
- Nature
- Nurture
- Both nature and nurture
- Neither nature nor nurture
43. The Head Start Program, founded in 1965, has become one of the major successes in education. Which of these conclusions can be drawn from this statement?
- Good nutrition has only a minor impact on school performance.
- Preschool is essential for children to succeed in school later on.
- Intelligence is determined mostly by genetic background.
- The preschool environment plays a large role in intellectual development.
Write your argument for or against the idea of designer babies. (7pts)