1. According to the Passage, Public Goods Are ______

Passage 1:

It would be difficult to have society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services.

A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use of it for another person. One of the best examples of a public good is national defense. One person can benefit from our national defense without reducing another person’s benefits. In fact, it is difficult to keep any person in our society from enjoying the benefits of national defense. The market system does not work well in producing public goods. This is because a per-son who refuses to pay for a public good cannot be kept from using it. Suppose that the neighbors in a high crime area decide to hire a police force. Each neighbor, except Mrs. Smith, agrees to pay＄100 a year for it. Mrs. Smith refuses to pay because she knows that if all the others pay the＄100，the police will guard the area anyway. So Mrs. Smith can enjoy the services of the police force without paying＄100.

The market system has no way to deal with this type of problem. For this reason，we cannot ask each person to make a direct payment in the form of product price. Therefore, we collect money for public goods by using taxes.

1. According to the passage, public goods are ______.

A. services enjoyed by all people

B. what we can buy and sell in public

C. products that we make for national defense

D. taxes paid by the people involved

2. The writer gives the example of national defense in paragraph 2 in order to show that ______.

A. there will be no safety if there is no national defense

B. all the people should be responsible for national defense

C. a public good is a shared benefit for the whole society

D. some public goods are more important than others

3. The person who does not pay for a public good ______.

A. keeps himself from using its benefit

B. cannot enjoy its benefit at any time

C. fails to keep its benefit from being used

D. enjoys its benefit all the same

4. In the third paragraph the author explains ______.

A. what role the market system plays in producing public goods

B. how weak the market system plays in producing public goods

C. why some people refuse to pay for public goods

D. what we can do to make use of the market system

5. From the passage we learn that the purpose of collecting taxes is ______.

A. to ensure the continuous supply of public goods

B. to reduce the difference between the rich and the poor

C. to get extra money to support public goods

D. to remind people of their duty

Passage 2

People in different parts of the world have very different ideas about what is good to eat. Even when people in different countries eat the same food, they often prepare it very differently. If you were in Germany, you would find soup that is thick and heavy. If you were in China, you would find soup that is thin and clear. On holidays most of us eat special foods. Year after year, even if many other things change, the food is always the same. Sometimes housewives begin weeks in advance to prepare the special foods that are traditionally served on certain holidays.

People in different parts of the world also have different ideas about what is good to drink. Among the most popular hot drinks are coffee and tea. Coffee is very popular in northern Europe and in the Middle East. Some people put cream and sugar in their coffee. But in the United States, many people drink their coffee “black” that is without cream or sugar. Tea is the national drink in China, Japan, and other Oriental（东方的）countries. In the Orient, people drink tea without sugar. But in England, where it is also a national drink, many people use both sugar and hot or cold milk in their tea.

6. People in different parts of the world ______.

A. cook the same food in different ways

B. like the same kinds of food

C. have the same ideas about foods

D. know how to prepare the same food

7. Special foods on holidays will ______.

A. change a lot year after year

B. have different tastes with the years passing by

C. remain the same for many many years

D. be served before certain holidays

8.When drinking coffee，many Americans like to ______.

A. add tea to it

B. add milk to it

C. drink it with cream or sugar added

D. drink it with nothing added

9. In England, ______is a popular national drink.

A. cold milk

B. tea

C. hot milk

D. black coffee

10. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. We Should Eat Different Foods.

B. Special Foods on Certain Holidays.

C. People in Western Countries Like Coffee Most.

D. Different Ideas about Foods and Drinks.

答案：1-5 ACDBA 6-10 ACDBD