1. New England colonies: Appalachian Mountains, Boston Harbor, hilly terrain, and jagged coastline. The soil was rocky and difficult to cultivate for farming. The climate offered moderate summers and cold winters.
2. Natural resources (e.g., timber, fish, deep harbors), human resources (e.g., skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, shipbuilders), and capital resources (e.g., tools, buildings).
3. Specialization of the New England colonies—e.g., skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, shipbuilders, fishermen, naval supplies, metal tools, other equipment, wooden buildings.
4. The New England colonies depended on other regions for goods and services. The New England colonies depended on the Southern colonies for crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton, and indigo, and for forest products such as lumber, tar, and pitch. They depended on the Mid-Atlantic colonies for livestock and grains.
5. The social and political life of the New England colonies was characterized by villages and churches. Civic life was centered in town meetings.
6. Mid-Atlantic colonies: Appalachian Mountains, coastal lowlands, harbors and bays, and wide, deep rivers. The soil was rich and well-suited for farming. The climate was moderate, with mild winters.
7. Natural resources (e.g., rich farmlands, rivers), human resources (e.g., unskilled and skilled workers, fishermen), and capital resources (e.g., tools, buildings).
8. Specialization of the Mid-Atlantic colonies—e.g., unskilled and skilled workers, fishermen, livestock, grains, tools, buildings.
9. The Mid-Atlantic colonies depended on the Southern colonies for tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and forest products. They traded with the New England colonies for manufactured goods, including metal tools and equipment.
10. The social and political life of the Mid-Atlantic colonies was characterized by villages and cities, varied and diverse lifestyles, and diverse religions. Civic life was centered in market towns.
11. Southern colonies: Appalachian Mountains, the Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors, and rivers. The soil was rich and well-suited for farming. The climate was humid, with mild winters and hot summers.
12. Natural resources (e.g., fertile farmlands, rivers, harbors), human resources (e.g., farmers, enslaved African Americans), and capital resources (e.g., tools, buildings).
13. Specialization of the Southern colonies—e.g., farmers, enslaved African Americans, tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, forest products (e.g., lumber, tar, pitch).
14. The Southern colonies depended on other regions for goods and services. The Southern colonies depended on the New England colonies for manufactured goods, including metal tools and equipment. They depended on the Mid-Atlantic colonies for grains and other agricultural products not plentiful in the Southern colonies.
15. The social and political life of the Southern colonies was characterized by plantations (slavery), mansions, indentured servants, fewer cities, fewer schools, and the Church of England. Civic life was centered in the counties.