Chemistry 162 Winter ‘10
Unit 2
1/25 Laboratory: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid or Models of Molecular Structure
1/27, 1/28 Outcomes:
1. To know the three allotropes of carbon and the hybridization used in the bonding of each.
2. To know the three classes of hydrocarbons in crude oil and the bonding that distinguishes each.
3. To recognize alkanes as a class of aliphatic hydrocarbons and distinguish straight, branched and cyclic.
4. To memorize the names and structures of alkanes up to six carbons and derive their structural formulas.
5. To create and interpret condensed structural formulas.
6. To recognize structural isomers of hydrocarbons, create structural formulas, and understand the relationship between structure and boiling point.
7. To recognize and obtain formulas for alkyl groups through six carbons.
8. To be able to obtain names from structural formulas, and structural formulas from names, for alkanes.
9. To recognize alkenes and alkynes as classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons and how they convert to alkanes.
10. To name alkenes and alkynes and obtain structural formulas, through six main-chain carbons.
11. To recognize geometric isomers and deduce differences in properties based on shape and polarity.
12. To recognize aromatic hydrocarbons as a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons and their characteristic bonding.
13. To understand the separation of hydrocarbons by distillation and gas chromatography.
Assignments:
Read §12.1 – 12.4 (Reading Quiz)
Lab report due (sect -01)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
1/29, 2/2 Outcomes:
1. To know the process of cracking and reforming of crude oil and what each produces.
2. To use the functional group concept in recognizing distinguishing features of organic molecules and to have memorized alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amine, and amide groups.
3. To use functional groups within condensed structural formulas.
4. To predict polarity of molecules based on their functional groups and structure.
5. To deduce the starting alcohol and acid from the structure of an ester, and the reverse.
6. To recognize addition reactions as the process by which alkenes are converted into addition polymers.
7. To know the structure of polyethylene, and identify and symbolize the repeat units of addition polymers.
8. To recognize condensation reactions as the process by which condensation polymers (polyesters and polyamides) are formed, and draw the repeat units of polyesters and polyamides.
9. To know the functional groups that distinguish each of the major classes of recyclable plastics (see lab manual).
Assignments:
Read §12.5, 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13.4 (Reading Quiz.)
Lab report due (sect -02)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
2/1 Laboratory: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; Geometric Isomers. Both experiments will be done during this period. There is a Prelaboratory assignment for FTIR, which requires finding samples of plastics, but there is no Prelab for Geometric Isomers. Both lab reports due 2/4 or 2/5.
2/3, 2/4 Outcomes:
1. To grasp how the opening of epoxide rings produces glycols (not in book) and polymers (epoxy resins).
2. To distinguish the structural differences between crystalline and amorphous solids.
3. To know that a lattice is an imaginary grid used to describe the order of crystal structures.
4. To recognize and distinguish simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic lattices.
5. To demonstrate and interpret the closest-packing of spheres in two- and three-dimensions.
6. To know that a unit cell is the smallest part of a lattice (containing whole or partial atoms) that can reproduce the entire crystal structure.
7. To relate the unit cell to ionic formulas.
8. To know x-ray crystallography as the experimental technique that obtains crystal structures.
9. (Section -01 will also cover §13.2; see outcomes 1 – 3 for 2/5.)
Assignments:
Read §12.13, 13.1 (Reading Quiz.)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
Lab reports due (sect 01)
Graded Homework (due 2/3, 2/4): Chapter 12, #4, 12, 22, 50, 66, 88.
2/5 Outcomes:
1. For metals, to understand the electron “sea” model, and how large numbers of atomic orbitals give rise to metallic “bands” of molecular orbitals in metals.
2. To distinguish between localized and delocalized electrons and orbitals in metals.
3. To use these models to describe conductors, insulators, and semiconductors, and the difference between p- and n-type semiconductors.
4. To describe alloys and amalgams.
5. To know how ceramics and glasses differ from other types of solids and describe the property of superconductivity.
6. To review types of plastics and give examples of their uses in modern materials.
7. To know the principal processes of forming thin films, and the key instrumental methods for analyzing them.
8. To know examples of how changes in industrial chemistry can lead to more environmentally responsible processes.
Assignments:
Read §13.2 – 13.6 (No Reading Quiz.)
Lab report due (sect 02)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
2/8: Laboratory: Gas Laws
2/9, 2/10 Outcomes:
1. To use the properties of molecules to describe how samples of different gases may behave similarly.
2. To know the definition of pressure of a gas, typical units, and how pressure can be measured.
3. To know the values of standard pressure and temperature (STP) for gases and the difference vs. standard thermodynamic conditions.
4. To define a partial pressure and use Dalton’s Law to describe partial and total pressures in mixtures of gases.
5. To use critical thinking to develop the historic gas laws from experimental data.
6. Understand the historic gas laws relating V vs. n, P vs. V, V vs. T, and P vs. T, and the extrapolation to absolute zero.
7. To use gas law relationships to describe ideal vs. non-ideal behavior of gases.
8. To understand how the proportional gas laws are combined to give the Combined Gas Law.
Assignments:
Read §10.1 – 10.4 (Reading Quiz.)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
2/11, 2/12 Outcomes:
1. To understand how the proportional gas laws are combined to give the Combined Gas Law and Ideal Gas Equation.
2. To understand the gas constant, R.
3. To know and practice when to use the Combined Gas Law and the Ideal Gas Equation to solve problems.
4. To understand how the pressure and volume terms of the Ideal Gas Law are corrected for real gases, and to interpret and compare van der Waals constants of real gases.
5. To use gas phase data and moles to solve problems in gas phase reaction stoichiometry.
6. To use partial pressures in place of moles to solve problems in gas phase reaction stoichiometry (not in book).
Assignments:
Read §10.5 – 10.6 (Reading Quiz.)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
Start Graded Homework due 2/16-17 (Show work: Chapter 13, #8, 16; Chapter 10, #20, 24, 30, 47).
Lab report due.
Lab notebooks due
2/15: No Classes (No Laboratory)
2/16, 2/17 Outcomes:
1. To understand the postulates of the Kinetic Theory.
2. To understand how molecular kinetic energies are related to T and collisions are consistent with P, V, and T, and the historic gas laws.
3. To understand how collisions, force, and Avogadro's Law can derive the Ideal Gas Law.
4. To view how molecular speeds vary with T and the influence this has on reactions.
5. To calculate molecular speed from T, and relate speed to diffusion and effusion.
6. To review the normal atmospheric chemistry of ozone and know the chain reactions that lead to its destruction.
7. To review carbon dioxide’s normal atmospheric chemistry, the greenhouse effect’s relationship to carbon dioxide concentrations.
Start Chapter 11 (Unit 3)
Assignments:
Read §10.7 – 10.9 (Reading Quiz.)
Recommended exercises: From the above sections, all in-chapter Exercise and Practice problems, and select chapter-end problems referred to by the Practice problems.
Graded Homework due 2/16, 2/17 (Show work: Chapter 13, #8, 16; Chapter 10, #20, 24, 30, 47).
2/18, 19 Outcomes:
Success on an hour exam! Content from all the above learning outcomes.
Group Sheet 2