AarP (P43463) / Providencia stuartii / Regulation of 2'-N-acetyltransferase, capable of acetylating both peptidoglycan and certain aminoglycoside antibiotics / Activator / S / Macinga et al 1995
Ada (P06134) / Escherichia coli / Repair of alkylated guanine in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the alkyl group at the O-6 position to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. / Activator / S / Nakabeppu et al 1985
AdaA (P19219) / Bacillus subtilis / Methylphosphotriester-DNA alkyltransferase is one of two genes required for the adaptive response of bacteria to alkylating agents / Activator / S / Morohoshi et al. 1990
AdiY (P33234) / E. coli / Regulation of the arginine decarboxylase system. / Activator / A-R / Gallegos et al 1997
AggR (P43464) / E. coli / Regulator of aggregative adherence fimbria I expression in enteroaggregative E. coli. / Activator / V / Munson et al 2001
AppY (P05052) / E. coli / Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (appA) and several other polypeptides (such as appBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. / Activator, Repressor / A-R / Gallegos et al 1997
AraC
(P0A9E0) / E. coli / Regulation of the expression of a regulon involved in the transport and catabolism of L- arabinose. It regulates initiation of transcription of the araBAD operon. / Activator; Repressor / M-C / Schleif 2003
CafR (P26950) / Yersinia pestis / Regulator of the expression of the F1 operon for capsule synthesis / Activator / V / Friedlander et al 1995,
Munson et al 2001
CfaD (P25393) / E. coli / Activator of the CFA/I adhesin (cfaA) gene of enterotoxigenic E. coli / Activator / V / Karlyshev et al 1992
CsvR (P43460) / E. coli / Activator of the fimbrial gene in enterotoxigenic E. coli / Activator / V / Munson et al 2001
EnvY (P10805) / E. coli / Influences the temperature-dependent expression of several envelope proteins, most notably the porins ompF and ompC and the lambda receptor, lamB. / Activator / A-R / Lundrigan et al 1989
EutR (P36547) / E. coli,
S. typhimurium / Activates the transcription of the ethanolamine operon. / Activator / M-C / Troup et al 1994.
ExsA (P26993) / Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Activator of exoenzyme S synthesis above a low basal level. / Activator / V / Frank and Iglewski 1991
FapR (P23774) / E. coli / Positive regulator of the expression of the 987P operon for the fimbrial protein in enterotoxigenic E. coli. / Activator / V / Klaasen and de Graaf 1990
FeaR (Q47129) / E. coli / Positive regulator of tynA/maoA and feaB/padA, the genes for 2-phenylethylamine catabolism. / Activator / M-N / Yamashita et al 1996
GadW (P63201) / E. coli K12 / Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. / Activator / A-R / Ma et al2002
GadX (Q9EYV5) / E. coli O127:H6 / Regulates the expression of genes involved in acid resistance. / Activator; Repressor / A-R / Ma et al2002
HilD (P41782) / S. typhimurium / HilD protein is involved in the expression of the HilA gene, which is encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). / Activator / V / Schechter et al 1999.
HrpB (P31778) / Ralstonia solanacearum / Positive regulation of hypersensitive response genes involved in plant pathogenicity. / Activator / V / Genin et al 1992.
InvF (P69343) / S typhimurium / Required for the expression of several genes encoding type III secretion system SPI-1 effector proteins. / Activator / V / Kaniga et al 1994.
LacR (O33813) / Staphylococcus xylosus / Transcriptional regulator of the lacPH genes for lactose utilization. / Activator / M-C / Bassias and Brueckner 1998
LcrF (P28808) / Y. pestis / Activator of the thermally regulated virulent yopE gene. / Activator / V / Goguen et al 1992.
LumQ (Q51872) / Photobacterium leiognathi / Probable transcriptional regulator of riboflavin synthesis genes. / M-G / Lin et al 1995.
MarA (P0ACH5) / E. coli K12 / Transcriptional activator of genes involved in the multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) phenotype. / Activator / S / Rhee et al 1998
MelR (P0ACH8) / E. coli K12 / Transcription regulator for the expression of the melAB operon for the melibiose catabolism. / Activator / M-C / Webster et al 1987.
MmsR (P28809) / P. aeruginosa. / Regulatory protein for the mmsAB operon for the valine catabolism. / Activator / M-G / Steele et al 1992.
MsmR (Q00753) / Streptococcus mutans / Regulatory protein for the msm operon for multiple sugar metabolism. / Activator / M-C / Russell et al 1992.
MxiE (P0A2S7) / S. flexneri / Necessary for the secretion of ipa invasins. / Activator / V / Allaoui et al 1993.
OruR (P72171) / P. aeruginosa / Activates the ornithine acetyltransferase related genes. / Activator / M-N / Hebert and Houghton 1997
PchR (P40883) / P. aeruginosa / Regulator of the genes for pyochelin and ferripyochelin receptors. / Activator / M-G / Reimmann et al 1998,
Heinrichs and Poole 1996
PerA (P43459) / E. coli O127 / Involved in regulation of bfp genes for the biosynthesis of a type IV pilus in enteropathogenic E. coli. Activates indirectly the LEE pathogenicity island. / Activator / V / Gomez-Duarte and Kaper 1995
PocR (Q05587) / S. typhimurium / Positive regulatory protein of cobalamin biosynthesis. / Activator / M-G / Chen et al 1994.
PqrA (Q52620) / Proteus vulgaris / Probably confers multidrug resistance in a way similar to that of the SoxS and MarA genes. / Activator / S / Ishida et al 1995.
RafR (P43465) / Pediococcus pentosaceus / Involved in the regulation of the raffinose-operon. / Activator / M-C / Gallegos et al 1997.
RamA (P55922) / Enterobacter cloacae / Probable transcriptional activator that confers a multidrug-resistance phenotype / Activator / S / Komatsu et al 1990.
RhaR (P09378) / E coli K12 / It activates expression of the rhaSR operon in response to L-rhamnose. / Activator / M-C / Tobin and Schleif 1987
RhaS (P09377) / E. coli K12 / Activates expression of the rhaBAD and rhaT operons. Induced by RhaR in response to L-rhamnose. / Activator / M-C / Tobin and Schleif 1987
RhrA (Q9Z3Q6) / Rhizobium meliloti / Transcriptional activator of the rhizobactin regulon / Activator / M-G / Lynch et al 2001.
Rns (P16114 ) / E. coli / Required for the expression of the CS1 and CS2 adhesins of enterotoxigenic E. coli. / Activator / V / Munson et al 2001. Porter et al1998
Rob (P0ACI0 ) / E. coli K12 / Rob regulates antibiotic resistance, organic solvent tolerance and heavy-metal resistance. / Activator / S / Kwon et al2000
SirC (Q8Z4A6) / S. typhi / Regulator of the expression of the invasion-associated type III secretion system encoded within SPI-1. / Activator / V / Gallegos et al 1997
SoxS (P0A9E2) / E. coli K12 / Transcriptional activator of the superoxide response regulon / Activator / S / Pomposiello, et al 2001
TcpN (P29492) / Vibrio cholerae / Regulatory protein of the tcp and ctx virulence genes / Activator / V / Ogierman and Manning 1992.
TetD (P28816) / E. coli / Transposon Tn10 regulatory protein. Part of the mar/sox/rob regulon. / Activator / S / Griffith et al 2005
ThcR (P43462) / Rhodococcus erythropolis / Probably involved in the positive regulation of the thc operon for the degradation of the thiocarbamate herbicide EPTC. / Activator / M-G / Nagy et al 1995
UreR (P32326) / E. coli K12 / Positive regulator of the expression of the urease operon. / Activator / M-N / D'Orazio and Collins 1993
VirF (P0A2T1) / S. flexneri / Primary regulator of plasmid-encoded virulence genes. Activates the transcription of icsA (virG) and virB. / Activator / V / Adler et al 1989.
VirF (P13225) / Y. enterocolitica / Transcriptional activator of the thermally-regulated virulent yopE gene. / Activator / V / Porter et al1998
XylR (P0ACI3) / E. coli K12 / Regulatory protein for the xylBAFGHR operon. / Activator / M-C / Gallegos et al 1997
XylS (P07859) / P. putida / Regulatory protein of the xylXYZLTEGFJQKIH operon required for the degradation of toluene, m- and p-xylene. / Activator / M-C / Spooner et al 1986
Xys1 (Q04710) / P. putida / Regulatory protein of the TOL plasmid pWW53 meta-1 and meta-2 p-toluato / Activator / M-C / Assinder et al 1993
Xys2 (Q05092) / P. putida / xylDLEGF operon transcriptional activator 2 / Activator / M-C / Assinder et al 1992.
Xys3 (Q05335) / P. putida / xylDLEGF operon transcriptional activator 3 / Activator / M-C / Freiberg et al 1997.
Xys4 (Q04713) / P. putida / xylDLEGF operon transcriptional activator 4 / Activator / M-C / Freiberg et al 1997.
Y4Fk (P55449) / Rhizobium sp / Acts in the complex cascade regulation of the nodD3 gene. / Activator / M-G / Quirk et al 1994.
YbbB (P40408) / B. subtilis / Contains one iron siderophore/cobalamin periplasmic-binding domain / Unknown / M-G / Barbeyron et al 1994.
YcgK (P43461) / Alteromonas carrageenovora / Regulates the structural cgkA gene encoding kappa-carrageenase / Activator / M-N / Barbeyron et al 1994.
YdeO (P76135) / E. coli K12 / Induces the expression of gadE and mdtEF. Regulates the expression of other genes involved in acid resistance. / Activator / A-R / Ma 2004
1)1)Kwon, H. J., Bennik, M. H., Demple, B. and Ellenberger, T.: Crystal structure of the Escherichia coli Rob transcription factor in complex with DNA.Nat Struct Biol 2000, 7: 424-30
2)2)Gallegos, M. T., Schleif, R., Bairoch, A., Hofmann, K. and Ramos, J. L.: Arac/XylS family of transcriptional regulators.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1997, 61: 393-410.
3)3)Rhee, S., Martin, R. G., Rosner, J. L. and Davies, D. R.: A novel DNA-binding motif in MarA: the first structure for an AraC family transcriptional activator.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998, 95: 10413-8.
4)4)Munson, G. P., Holcomb, L. G. and Scott, J. R.: Novel group of virulence activators within the AraC family that are not restricted to upstream binding sites.Infect Immun 2001, 69: 186-93.
5)5)Karlyshev, A.V., Galyov, E.E., Abramov, V.M., Zav'yalov, V.P. Caf1R gene and its role in the regulation of capsule formation of Y. pestis. FEBS Lett 1992 305:37-40.
6)6)Friedlander, A.M., Welkos, S.L., Worsham, P.L., Andrews, G.P., Heath, D.G., Anderson, G.W. Jr., Pitt, M.L., Estep, J., Davis, K. Relationship between virulence and immunity as revealed in recent studies of the F1 capsule of Yersinia pestis.Clin Infect Dis. 1995 21 Suppl 2:S178-81.
7)7)Ma, Z., Richard, H., Tucker, D. L., Conway, T. and Foster, J. W.: Collaborative regulation of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance by two AraC-like regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW).J Bacteriol 2002, 184: 7001-12.
8)8)Macinga D.R., Parojcic M.M., and Rather P.N.: Identification and analysis of aarP, a transcriptional activator of the 2'-N-acetyltransferase in Providencia stuartii.J. Bacteriol. 1995, 177:3407-3413
9)9)Nakabeppu Y., Kondo H., Kawabata S., Iwanaga S., and Sekiguchi M.: Purification and structure of the intact Ada regulatory protein of Escherichia coli K12, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 1985, 260:7281-7288
10)10)Morohoshi F., Hayashi K., and Munakata N.: Bacillus subtilis ada operon encodes two DNA alkyltransferases. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18:5473-5480.
11)11)Schleif R..: AraC protein: a love-hate relationship.Bioessays. 2003, 25:274-82.
12)12)Lundrigan M.D., Friedrich M.J., and Kadner R.J.: Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli porin thermoregulatory gene envY.Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17:800-800.
13)13)Troup B., Jahn M., Hungerer C., and Jahn D.; Isolation of the hemF operon containing the gene for the Escherichia coli aerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase by in vivo complementation of a yeast HEM13 mutant. J. Bacteriol. 1994, 176:673-680.
14)14)Frank D.W., and Iglewski B.H.: Cloning and sequence analysis of a trans-regulatory locus required for exoenzyme S synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 1991,173:6460-6468.
15)15)Klaasen P., and de Graaf F.K.: Characterization of FapR, a positive regulator of expression of the 987P operon in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 1990, 4:1779-1783.
16)16)Yamashita M., Azakami H., Yokoro N., Roh J.-H., Suzuki H., Kumagai H., and Murooka Y.: maoB, a gene that encodes a positive regulator of the monoamine oxidase gene (maoA) in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 1996, 178:2941-2947.
17)17)Schechter L.M., Damrauer S.M., and Lee C.A.: Two AraC/XylS family members can independently counteract the effect of repressing sequences upstream of the hilA promoter. Mol. Microbiol. 1999, 32:629-642.
18)18)Genin S., Gough C.L., Zischek C., and Boucher C.A.: Evidence that the hrpB gene encodes a positive regulator of pathogenicity genes from Pseudomonas solanacearum. Mol. Microbiol. 1992, 6:3065-3076.
19)19)Kaniga K., Bossio J.C., and Galan J.E.: The Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes invF and invG encode homologues of the AraC and PulD family of proteins. Mol. Microbiol. 1994, 13:555-568.
20)20)Bassias J., and Brueckner R.: Regulation of lactose utilization genes in Staphylococcus xylosus. J. Bacteriol. 180:2273-2279(1998).
21)21)Goguen J.D., Minion C., and Hoe N.P.; Temperature sensing in Yersinia pestis: regulation of yopE transcription by lcrF. J. Bacteriol. 1992, 174:4275-4286.
22)22)Lin J.W., Yu K.Y., Chao Y.F., and Weng S.F.: The lumQ gene is linked to the lumP gene and the lux operon in Photobacterium leiognathi. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995, 217:684-695.
23)23)Webster C., Kempsell K., Booth I., and Busby S.: Organisation of the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli melibiose operon. Gene 1987, 59:253-263.
24)24)Steele M.I., Lorenz D., Hatter K., Park A., and Sokatch J.R.: Characterization of the mmsAB operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO encoding methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and 3- hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:13585-13592.
25)25)Russell R.R.B., Aduse-Opoku J., Sutcliffe I.C., Tao L., and Ferretti J.J.: A binding protein-dependent transport system in Streptococcus mutans responsible for multiple sugar metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 1992267:4631-4637.
26)26)Allaoui A., Sansonetti P.J., and Parsot C.: MxiD, an outer membrane protein necessary for the secretion of the Shigella flexneri lpa invasins.Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 7:59-68.
27)27)Gomez-Duarte O.G., and Kaper J.B.: A plasmid-encoded regulatory region activates chromosomal eaeA expression in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 1995, 63:1767-1776.
28)28)Chen P., Anderson D.I., and Roth J.R.: The control region of the pdu/cob regulon in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 1994, 176:5474-5482.
29)29)Ishida H., Fuziwara H., Kaibori Y., Horiuchi T., Sato K., and Osada Y.: Cloning of multidrug resistance gene pqrA from Proteus vulgaris. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1995, 39:453-457.
30)30)Komatsu T., Ohta M., Kido N., Arakawa Y., Ito H., Mizuno T., and Kato N.: Molecular characterization of an Enterobacter cloacae gene (romA) which pleiotropically inhibits the expression of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins. J. Bacteriol. 1990, 172:4082-4089.
31)31)Tobin J.F., and Schleif R.F.: Positive regulation of the Escherichia coli L-rhamnose operon is mediated by the products of tandemly repeated regulatory genes. J. Mol. Biol. 1987, 196:789-799.
32)32)Lynch D., O'Brien J., Welch T., Clarke P., Cuiv P.O., Crosa J.H., and O'Connell M.: Genetic organization of the region encoding regulation, biosynthesis, and transport of rhizobactin 1021, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183:2576-2585.
33)33)Ogierman M.A., and Manning P.A.: Homology of TcpN, a putative regulatory protein of Vibrio cholerae, to the AraC family of transcriptional activators. Gene 1992, 116:93-97.
34)34)Nagy I., Schoofs G., Compernolle F., Proost P., Vanderleyden J., and de Mot R.: Degradation of the thiocarbamate herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate) and biosafening by Rhodococcus sp. strain NI86/21 involve an inducible cytochrome P-450 system and aldehyde dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 1995, 177:676-687.
35)35)D'Orazio S.E.F., and Collins C.M.: The plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster of the family Enterobacteriaceae is positively regulated by UreR, a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators. J. Bacteriol. 1993, 175:3459-3467.
36)36)Adler B., Sasakawa C., Tobe T., Makino S., Komatsu K., and Yoshikawa M.: A dual transcriptional activation system for the 230 kb plasmid genes coding for virulence-associated antigens of Shigella flexneri. Mol. Microbiol. 1989, 3:627-635.
37)37)Spooner R.A., Lindsay K., and Franklin F.C.H.: Genetic, functional and sequence analysis of the xylR and xylS regulatory genes of the TOL plasmid pWW0. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1986, 132:1347-1358.
38)38)Assinder S.J., de Marco P., Osborne D.J., Poh C.L., Shaw L.E., Winson M.K., and Williams P.A.: A comparison of the multiple alleles of xylS carried by TOL plasmids pWW53 and pDK1 and its implications for their evolutionary relationship. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1993, 139:557-568.
39)39)Assinder S.J., de Marco P., Sayers J.R., Shaw L.E., Winson M.K., and Williams P.A.: Identical resolvases are encoded by Pseudomonas TOL plasmids pWW53 and pDK1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992, 20:5476-5476.
40)40)Freiberg C.A., Fellay R., Bairoch A., Broughton W.J., Rosenthal A., and Perret X.: Molecular basis of symbiosis between Rhizobium and legumes. Nature 1997, 387:394-401.
41)41)Quirk P.G., Guffanti A.A., Clejan S., Cheng J., and Krulwich T.A.: Isolation of Tn917 insertional mutants of Bacillus subtilis that are resistant to the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m- chlorophenylhydrazone. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994, 1186:27-34.
42)42)Barbeyron T., Henrissat B., and Kloareg B.: The gene encoding the kappa-carrageenase of Alteromonas carrageenovora is related to beta-1,3-1,4-glucanases. Gene 1994, 139:105-109.