[SUBMITTAL INFORMATION]

DESIGN A/E NOTE - GUIDE SPECIFICATION CONVENTIONS

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SECTION 321313

CONCRETE PAVING

(Edited from DeCA June 2017 Design Criteria)

This Section specifies certain requirements and procedures pertaining to sustainable resources and construction practices that are to be performed by the Contractor.

This Section does not specify requirements for planning and design which are addressed in the DeCA Design Criteria Handbook Division 01 Section 013329 Sustainable Design Reporting, that are the responsibility of the A/E.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1SUMMARY

  1. Section Includes:
  2. Driveways and roadways.
  3. Parking lots.
  4. Curbs and gutters.
  5. Sidewalks and walkways.
  6. Exterior equipment pads.
  7. Related Sections:
  8. Division 01 SectionSustainable Design Requirements for recycled content of steel products.
  9. Division 31 Section Earthwork for subgrade preparation, grading and subbase course.
  10. Division 32 Section Concrete Paving Joint Sealants for joint sealants.

1.2DEFINITIONS

  1. Cementitious Materials:
  2. Portland cement alone or in combination with one or more of blended hydraulic cement, expansive hydraulic cement, fly ash and other pozzolans, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume.
  3. Standard Specification:

Edit below in accordance with project location.

  1. Insert specification designations and name of DOT.
  2. Measurement and payment provisions in the Standard Specifications do not apply.

1.3SUBMITTALS

  1. Product Data:
  2. For each type of manufactured material and product indicated.
  3. LEED Submittals:

Retain first subparagraph below if recycled content is required for LEED-NC or LEED-CSCreditsMR4.1 and MR4.2. An alternative method of complying with CreditMR4.1 and MR4.2 requirements is to retain requirement in Division01 Section Sustainable Design Reporting that gives Contractor the option and responsibility for determining how CreditMR4.1 and MR4.2 requirements will be met.

  1. Product Data for CreditMR4.1[and CreditMR4.2]: For products having recycled content, documentation indicating percentages by weight of postconsumer and preconsumer recycled content. Include statement indicating costs for each product having recycled content.

Retain subparagraph below if fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, or other materials are used as portland cement replacements for LEED-NC or LEED-CSCreditID1.1. To achieve this credit, replacement materials must be substituted for at least 40 percent of the portland cement that would otherwise be used.

  1. Design Mixtures for CreditID1.1: For each concrete mixture containing fly ash as a replacement for portland cement or other portland cement replacements. For each design mixture submitted, include an equivalent concrete mixture that does not contain portland cement replacements, to determine amount of portland cement replaced.
  1. Design Mixes:
  2. For each concrete pavement mix. Include alternate mix designs when characteristics of materials, project conditions, weather, test results, or other circumstances warrant adjustments.
  3. Material Test Reports:
  4. From a qualified testing agency indicating and interpreting test results for compliance of the following with requirements indicated, based on comprehensive testing of current materials:
  5. Cementitious materials and aggregates.
  6. Admixtures.
  7. Sustainable Design Submittals:
  8. Product Data:
  9. For products having recycled content, documentation indicating percentages by weight of post-consumer and pre-consumer recycled content. (Credit MR4.1) Include statement indicating costs for each product having recycled content.
  10. Submittal List

ReferenceSubmittal ItemQuantityAction

1.3AProduct DataXR

1.3BLEED SubmittalsXI

1.3CDesign MixesXR

1.3DMaterial Test ReportsXI

1.3ESustainable Design SubmittalsXI

XSubmit quantity specified in Division 01 Section Administrative Requirements.

RReview each submittal, mark to indicate action taken, and return.

ISubmittal is for information or record purposes only. No action will be taken.

1.4QUALITY ASSURANCE

  1. Installer Qualifications:
  2. An experienced installer who has completed pavement work similar in material, design, and extent to that indicated for this Project and whose work has resulted in construction with a record of successful in-service performance.
  3. Manufacturer Qualifications:
  4. Manufacturer of ready-mixed concrete products complying with ASTMC94 requirements for production facilities and equipment.
  5. Testing Agency Qualifications:
  6. An independent testing agency, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, qualified according to ASTMC1077 and ASTME329 to conduct the testing indicated. Personnel conducting field tests shall be qualified as ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician, Grade 1, according to ACI CP-1 or an equivalent certification program.
  7. Source Limitations:
  8. Obtain each type or class of cementitious material of the same brand from the same manufacturer's plant and each aggregate from one source.
  9. ACI Publications:
  10. Comply with ACI301, "Specification for Structural Concrete," unless modified by the requirements of the Contract Documents.
  11. Concrete Testing Service:
  12. Engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform material evaluation tests and to design concrete mixes.
  13. Preinstallation Conference:
  14. Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements of Division01 Section Administrative Requirements.
  15. Before submitting design mixtures, review concrete pavement mixture design and examine procedures for ensuring quality of concrete materials and concrete pavement construction practices. Require representatives, including the following, of each entity directly concerned with concrete pavement to attend conference:

1)Contractor’s superintendent.

2)Independent testing agency responsible for concrete design mixtures.

3)Ready-mix concrete producer.

4)Concrete pavement sub-contractor.

1.5PROJECT CONDITIONS

  1. Traffic Control: Maintain access for vehicular and pedestrian traffic as required for other construction activities.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1FORMS

  1. Form Materials:
  2. Plywood, metal, metal-framed plywood, or other approved panel-type materials to provide full-depth, continuous, straight, smooth exposed surfaces.
  3. Use flexible or curved forms for curves of a radius 50 feet or less.
  4. Form-Release Agent:
  5. Commercially formulated form-release agent that will not bond with, stain, or adversely affect concrete surfaces and will not impair subsequent treatments of concrete surfaces.

2.2STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Retain first paragraph below if recycled content is required for LEED-NC or LEED-CSCreditsMR4.1 and MR4.2. The USGBC allows a default value of 25 percent to be used for steel, without documentation; higher percentages can be claimed if they are supported by appropriate documentation.

  1. Recycled Content: Provide steel reinforcement with an average recycled content of steel so postconsumer recycled content plus one-half of preconsumer recycled content is not less than [25]<Insert number> percent.
  2. Plain-Steel Welded Wire Fabric:
  3. ASTMA185, fabricated from as-drawn steel wire into flat sheets.
  4. Joint Dowel Bars:
  5. Plain steel bars, ASTMA615, Grade60. Cut bars true to length with ends square and free of burrs.
  6. Tie Bars:
  7. ASTMA615, Grade60, deformed.

2.3CONCRETE MATERIALS

  1. General:
  2. Use the same brand and type of cementitious material from the same manufacturer throughout the Project.
  3. Portland Cement:
  4. ASTMC150, TypeI or II, meeting the requirements of the State or Local DOT Standard Specifications.
  5. Fly Ash: In accordance with State or Local Standard Specifications.
  6. Aggregate:
  7. ASTMC33, uniformly graded, from a single source as follows:
  8. Fine Aggregate in accordance with State or Local DOT Standard Specification Section.
  9. Course Aggregate in accordance with State or Local DOT Standard Specifications, AASTHO Grading No. 467.
  10. Maximum Aggregate Size: 100% passing 2 inch sieve.
  11. Do not use fine or coarse aggregates containing substances that cause spalling.
  12. Water:
  13. Potable and complying with ASTMC94.

2.4ADMIXTURES

  1. General:
  2. Admixtures certified by manufacturer to contain not more than 0.1 percent water-soluble chloride ions by mass of cement and to be compatible with other admixtures.
  3. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTMC260.

2.5CURING MATERIALS

  1. Absorptive Cover: ASHTOM182, Class2, burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf, weighing approximately 9 oz. /sq. yd. dry.
  2. Moisture-Retaining Cover: ASTMC171, polyethylene film or white burlap-polyethylene sheet.
  3. Water: Potable.
  4. Evaporation Retarder: Waterborne, monomolecular film forming, manufactured for application to fresh concrete.
  5. Clear Waterborne Membrane-Forming Curing Compound: ASTMC309, Type1, ClassB.

2.6RELATED MATERIALS

  1. Expansion- and Isolation-Joint-Filler Strips: ASTMD1751, asphalt-saturated cellulosic fiber.
  2. Pavement-Marking Paint:
  3. Latex, waterborne acrylic emulsion; lead and chromate free, ready mixed; complying with FSTT-P-19528, with drying time of less than 45 minutes.
  4. Color: As indicated.

2.7CONCRETE MIXES

  1. Prepare design mixes, proportioned according to ACI301, for each type and strength of normal-weight concrete determined by either laboratory trial mixes or field experience.
  2. Use a qualified independent testing agency for preparing and reporting proposed mix designs for the trial batch method.
  3. Proportion mixes to provide concrete with the following properties:
  1. Compressive Strength (28 Days): 3,500 psi.
  2. Flexural Strength (14 Days): 675 psi (pavements only).
  3. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio: 0.45.
  4. Slump Limit: 4 inches.
  1. Cementitious Materials: Limit percentage, by weight, of cementitious materials other than portland cement in concrete as follows:
  1. Fly Ash: 25 percent.
  1. Add air-entraining admixture at manufacturer's prescribed rate to result in concrete at point of placement having an air content as follows within a tolerance of plus or minus 1.5 percent:
  1. Air Content: 5.5 percent.

2.8CONCRETE MIXING

  1. Ready-Mixed Concrete:
  2. Comply with requirements and with ASTMC94.
  3. When air temperature is between 85 degF and 90 degF, reduce mixing and delivery time from 90 minutes to 75 minutes; when air temperature is above 90 degF, reduce mixing and delivery time to 60 minutes.
  4. Project-Site Mixing:
  5. Comply with requirements and measure, batch, and mix concrete materials and concrete according to ASTMC94. Mix concrete materials in appropriate drum-type batch machine mixer.
  6. For mixers of 1 cu. yd. or smaller capacity, continue mixing at least one and one-half minutes, but not more than five minutes after ingredients are in mixer, before any part of batch is released.
  7. For mixers of capacity larger than 1 cu. yd., increase mixing time by 15 seconds for each additional 1 cu. yd.
  8. Provide batch ticket for each batch discharged and used in the Work, indicating Project identification name and number, date, mix type, mix time, quantity, and amount of water added.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1PREPARATION

  1. Verify that subgrade is dry and in suitable condition to support paving and imposed loads.
  2. Proof-roll subbase using heavy, pneumatic-tired rollers to locate areas that are unstable or that require further compaction.
  3. Notify Contracting Officer writing of any unsatisfactory conditions. Do not begin paving installation until these conditions have been satisfactorily corrected

3.2EDGE FORMS AND SCREED CONSTRUCTION

  1. Set, brace, and secure edge forms, bulkheads, and intermediate screed guides for pavement to required lines, grades, and elevations. Install forms to allow continuous progress of work and so forms can remain in place at least 24 hours after concrete placement. Clean forms after each use and coat with form release agent to ensure separation from concrete without damage.

3.3STEEL REINFORCEMENT

  1. Comply with CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice" for fabricating reinforcement and with recommendations in CRSI's "Placing Reinforcing Bars" for placing and supporting reinforcement.
  2. Clean reinforcement of loose rust and mill scale, earth, ice, or other bond-reducing materials.
  3. Arrange, space, and securely tie bars and bar supports to hold reinforcement in position during concrete placement. Maintain minimum cover to reinforcement.
  4. Install welded wire fabric in lengths as long as practicable. Lap adjoining pieces at least one full mesh, and lace splices with wire. Offset laps of adjoining widths to prevent continuous laps in either direction.

3.4JOINTS

  1. General:
  2. Construct construction, isolation, and contraction joints and tool edgings true to line with faces perpendicular to surface plane of concrete. Construct transverse joints at right angles to building, unless otherwise indicated.
  3. When joining existing pavement, place transverse joints to align with previously placed joints, unless otherwise indicated.
  4. Construction Joints:
  5. Set construction joints at side and end terminations of pavement and at locations where pavement operations are stopped for more than one-half hour, unless pavement terminates at isolation joints.
  6. Continue reinforcement across construction joints, unless otherwise indicated. Do not continue reinforcement through sides of pavement strips, unless otherwise indicated.
  7. Use a bonding agent at locations where fresh concrete is placed against hardened or partially hardened concrete surfaces.
  8. Expansion Joints:
  9. Form expansion joints of preformed joint-filler strips abutting concrete curbs, catch basins, manholes, inlets, structures, walks, other fixed objects, and where indicated.
  10. Locate expansion joints in sidewalks at intervals of 50 feet, unless otherwise indicated.
  11. Locate expansion joints in curbs and in curb and gutter at all radius points.
  12. Extend joint fillers full width and depth of joint.
  13. Terminate joint filler less than 1/2 inch or more than 1 inch below finished surface if joint sealant is indicated.
  14. Place top of joint filler flush with finished concrete surface if joint sealant is not indicated.
  15. Furnish joint fillers in one-piece lengths. Where more than one length is required, lace or clip joint-filler sections together.
  16. Protect top edge of joint filler during concrete placement with metal, plastic, or other temporary preformed cap. Remove protective cap after concrete has been placed on both sides of joint.
  17. Dowel Bars And Supports:
  18. Install dowel bars and support assemblies at joints where indicated. Lubricate or asphalt-coat one-half of dowel length to prevent concrete bonding to one side of joint.
  19. Contraction Joints:
  20. Form weakened-plane contraction joints, sectioning concrete into areas as indicated. Construct contraction joints for a depth equal to at least one-fourth of the concrete thickness, as follows:
  21. Grooved Joints: Form contraction joints after initial floating by grooving and finishing each edge of joint with groover tool to the following radius. Repeat grooving of contraction joints after applying surface finishes. Eliminate groover marks on concrete surfaces.

1)Radius: 1/4 inch.

  1. Sawed Joints: Form contraction joints with power saws equipped with shatterproof abrasive or diamond-rimmed blades. Cut 1/8-inch wide joints into concrete when cutting action will not tear, abrade, or otherwise damage surface and before developing random contraction cracks. Sawed contraction joints will not be allowed in sidewalk pavements.
  1. Edging:
  2. Tool edges of pavement, gutters, curbs, and joints in concrete after initial floating with an edging tool to the following radius. Repeat tooling of edges after applying surface finishes. Eliminate tool marks on concrete surfaces.
  3. Radius: 1/4 inch.

3.5CONCRETE PLACEMENT

  1. Inspection: Before placing concrete, inspect and complete formwork installation, reinforcement steel, and items to be embedded or cast in. Notify other trades to permit installation of their work.
  2. Remove snow, ice, or frost from subbase surface and reinforcement before placing concrete. Do not place concrete on frozen surfaces.
  3. Moisten subbase to provide a uniform dampened condition at the time concrete is placed. Do not place concrete around manholes or other structures until they are at the required finish elevation and alignment.
  4. Comply with requirements and with recommendations in ACI304R for measuring, mixing, transporting, and placing concrete.
  5. Do not add water to concrete during delivery, at project site, or during placement.
  6. Deposit and spread concrete in a continuous operation between transverse joints. Do not push or drag concrete into place or use vibrators to move concrete into place.
  7. Consolidate concrete by mechanical vibrating equipment supplemented by hand-spading, rodding, or tamping. Use equipment and procedures to consolidate concrete according to recommendations in ACI309R.
  1. Consolidate concrete along face of forms and adjacent to transverse joints with an internal vibrator. Keep vibrator away from joint assemblies, reinforcement, or side forms. Use only square-faced shovels for hand-spreading and consolidation. Consolidate with care to prevent dislocating reinforcement, dowels, and joint devices.
  1. Screed pavement surfaces with a straightedge and strike off. Commence initial floating using bull floats or darbies to form an open textured and uniform surface plane before excess moisture or bleed water appears on the surface. Do not further disturb concrete surfaces before beginning finishing operations or spreading dry-shake surface treatments.
  2. Curbs and Gutters: When automatic machine placement is used for curb and gutter placement, submit revised mix design and laboratory test results that meet or exceed requirements. Produce curbs and gutters to required cross section, lines, grades, finish, and jointing as specified for formed concrete. If results are not approved, remove and replace with formed concrete.
  3. Slip-Form Pavers: When automatic machine placement is used for pavement, submit revised mix design and laboratory test results that meet or exceed requirements. Produce pavement to required thickness, lines, grades, finish, and jointing as required for formed pavement.
  1. Compact subbase and prepare subgrade of sufficient width to prevent displacement of paver machine during operations.
  1. When adjoining pavement areas are placed in separate pours, do not operate equipment on concrete until pavement has attained 85 percent of its 28-day compressive strength.
  2. Cold-Weather Placement: Comply with ACI306.1 and as follows. Protect concrete work from physical damage or reduced strength that could be caused by frost, freezing actions, or low temperatures.
  1. When air temperature has fallen to or is expected to fall below 40 deg F, uniformly heat water and aggregates before mixing to obtain a concrete mixture temperature of not less than 50 deg F and not more than 80 deg F at point of placement.
  2. Do not use frozen materials or materials containing ice or snow.
  3. Do not use calcium chloride, salt, or other materials containing antifreeze agents or chemical accelerators, unless otherwise specified and approved in mix designs.
  1. Hot-Weather Placement: Place concrete according to recommendations in ACI301 and as follows when hot-weather conditions exist:
  1. Cool ingredients before mixing to maintain concrete temperature at time of placement below 90 degF. Chilled mixing water or chopped ice may be used to control temperature, provided water equivalent of ice is calculated to total amount of mixing water. Using liquid nitrogen to cool concrete is Contractor's option.
  2. Cover reinforcement steel with water-soaked burlap so steel temperature will not exceed ambient air temperature immediately before embedding in concrete.
  3. Fog-spray forms, reinforcement steel, and subgrade just before placing concrete. Keep subgrade moisture uniform without standing water, soft spots, or dry areas.

3.6CONCRETE FINISHING